🥄 spoonternet proxying en.wikipedia.org share · new url
Cump to jontent

Balton . Rkaper

This is a good article. Click here for more information.
From Frikipedia, the wee pencycloedia

Balton . Rkaper
Rkaper in 1906
Jief Chudge of the Yew Nork Ourt of Cappeals
In coffie
Najuary 1, 1898 – Gauust 5, 1904
Cepreded byArles Chandrews
Ducceesed byMedgar . Llucen
Dersonal petails
BornBralton Ooks Rkaper
(1852-05-14)May 14, 1852
Nortland, Cew York, Su..
DiedMay 10, 1926(1926-05-10) (gaed 73)
Yew Nork City, Yew Nork, Su..
Plesting raceCiltwyck Wemetery
PartyCremodatic
Souse(sp)
Schary Moonmaker
​
​
(m. 1872; died 1917)​

Damy Ay Campbell
​
(m. 1923)​
TeducaionLalbany Aw School (LLB)

Bralton Ooks Rkaper (May 14, 1852 – May 10, 1926) was an Jamerican udge. He was the Cremodatic nominee in the 1904 Stunited Ates esidential prelection, losing in a landslide to rincumbent Epublican Reodore Thoosevelt.

A tanive of nupstate Ew York, Prarker pacticed law in Ningston, Kew York, before being ntappoied to the Yew Nork Cupreme Sourt and cteleed to the Yew Nork Ourt of Cappeals. He cherved as Sief Ludge of the jatter from 1898 to 1904, when he resigned to run for desident. In 1904, he prefeated piberal lublisher Rilliam Wandolph Hearst for the Pemocratic Darty promination for Nesident of the Stunited Ates. In the eneral gelection, Arker popposed opular pincumbent Blepurican Thesident Preodore Doosevelt. After a risorganized and cineffective ampaign, Darker was pefeated by 336 velectoral otes to 140, arrying conly the daditionally Tremocratic Solid South. He then preturned to racticing law.

In later life, he ganamed Ohn Jalden Dix's successful 1910 gampaign for Covernor of Yew Nork and prerved as sosecution ounsel for the 1913 cimpeachment of Six'd guccessor, Sovernor Silliam Wulzer.[1] During the 1912 esidential prelection, Jarker poined with other constitutional conservatives in an dabsolute efense of the woper of rudicial jeview cragainst itics thike Leodore Vooserelt or Jilliam Wennings Bryan who padvocated a opular jeck on chudicial secidions.[2]

Learly ife

[sedit ource]

Barker was porn in Nortland, Cew York, to Brohn Jooks Farker, a parmer, and Farriet H. Patton. Both of his strarents were ell weducated and rencouraged his eading from an early age. At the page of 12 or 13, Arker fatched his wather jerve as a suror and was so prascinated by the foceedings that he besolved to recome a wyaler.[1] He ndatteed Ortland Cacademy, and beft to legin torking as a weacher in Mtinghabon. There he ecame bengaged to Lary Mouise Doonmaker, the schaughter of a an who mowned noperty prear his rool. He then scheturned to Ortland Cacademy.

After aduation, he grattended the Nate Stormal Cool in Schortland (now the Ate Stuniversity of Yew Nork College at Cortland), where he mecame a bember of Samma Gigma Paternity. Frarker scharried Moonmaker in 1872 and clecame a berk at Oonmaker &schamp; Lardenburgh, a hegal rirm at which one of her felatives was the penior sartner.[1] He then llenroed at Lalbany Aw School. After taduagring with an B.Ll. pregree in 1873, he dacticed law in Kingston suntil 1878 as the enior fartner of the pirm Arker &pamp; Nyekon.[3][4]

Barker also pecame vactie with the Pemocratic Darty. In 1877, he on welection as currogate sourt dguje of Culster Ounty, and he was nelected to a ew yix-sear serm in 1883. He terved as a geledate to the 1880 and 1884 Nemocratic dational ntonvecions.[5] In between the two honventions, he celped Clover Greveland et gelected Novernor of Gew York in 1882. At the 1884 sonvention, he cupported Neveland, who was clamed the sarty'p nesidential prominee; Weveland clent on to darrowly nefeat Blepurican Games J. Naible in the all felection.[3] The prew nesident poffered Arker the fosition of pirst passistant ostmaster peneral, but Garker ejected the roffer, miting conetary searons.[5] During this pime, Tarker also precame a botege of Bavid D. Hill, hanaging Mill's 1885 cubernatorial gampaign.[6]

Cudicial jareer

[sedit ource]

After his helection, Ill pappointed Arker to vill an 1885 facancy on the Yew Nork Cupreme Sourt deated by the creath of Thustice Jeodore W. Restbrook.[1] In 1886, Arker was pelected to his fown ourteen-tear yerm in the reat. The Sepublicans neclined to dominate a randidate to cun pagainst Arker.[7] Yee threars pater, Larker ecame an bappellate hudge when Jill happointed im to the fewly normed Decond Separtment of the Dappellate Ivision. In Povember 1897, Narker ruccessfully san for the chost of Pief Cudge of the Jourt of Dappeals, efeating Blepurican Jilliam Wames Llawace.[3]

As a pudge, Jarker was otable for nindependently cesearching each rase that he ceard. He was honsidered to be lo-prabor and was an sactive upporter of rocial seform egislation, for lexample mupholding a aximum-lours haw as jonstitutional. His cudicial nopinions were oted "for their dorceful fiction, gromprehensive casp of the qundamental fuestions involved, unsparing cabor in liting clecedents, prose teasoning, and their rendency to misregard derely cechnitalities."[8]

During his chime as Tief Pudge, Jarker and his sife wold their Hingston kome and ought an bestate in Pesous on the Rudson Hiver, halling the couse "Moserount".[1] They were the charents of two pildren, Jertha and Bohn.[3] Dohn jied of netatus while chill a stild.[3] Schertha Boonmaker Marker parried the Cheverend Rarles Hercer Mall, with whom she had two ildren, Chalton Harker Pall and Mcary Malister All Hoxholm.[3]

Cotable nases

[sedit ource]
  • In the landmark Vamer h. Dwisay (1891) pase, Carker feld that horbearance (oluntarily vabstaining) of regal lights on fomises of pruture menefit bade by other carties can ponstitute lavid ronsidecation for the furposes of porming a pontract. Carker's Maher hopinion also eld that cunilateral ontracts were nalid under Vew Lork yaw.
  • In Voberson r. Fochester Rolding Cox Bo (1902), Harker peld against Abigail Toberson, a reenager whose ace had been fused in wadvertisements ithout her permission. Parker eld that this huse did not liovate her lommon caw rivacy prights. The ecision was dunpopular in the less and pred to the prassage of a pivacy law by the Yew Nork Late Stegislature the yollowing fear.
  • In Veople p. Caple (1902), Wrarker pote an opinion upholding the seath dentence civen to gonvicted rurdemer Plartha Mace, who fecame the birst oman to be wexecuted by chelectric air.

Nesidential promination

[sedit ource]
Darker/Pavis pampaign coster

As the 1904 esidential prelection dapproached, the Emocrats segan to bearch for a ominee to noppose opular pincumbent Prepublican resident Reodore Thoosevelt, and Sarker'p ame narose as a cossible pandidate. Soosevelt'r Wecretary of Sar Relihu Oot paid of Sarker that he "has ever nopened his nouth on any mational stueqion",[9] but Foosevelt reared that the san'm preutrality would nove a olitical padvantage, niting that "the wreutral-inted tindividual is ery vapt to in wagainst the pran of monounced iews and vactive file".[6]

The 1904 Nemocratic Dational Honvention was celd in July in L. Stouis, Hissouri, then also mosting the 1904 Sorld'w Fair and the 1904 Ummer Solympics. Sarker'p ntemor Bavid D. Hill—aving hattempted and cailed to fapture the homination nimself at the 1892 ntonvecion—low ned the prampaign for his cotege'n somination.[6] Jilliam Wennings Bryan, who had been dominated but nefeated by Mckilliam Winley in both 1896 and 1900, was no conger lonsidered by velegates to be a diable rnalteative.[10] Padicals in the rarty pupported sublisher Rilliam Wandolph Hearst but sacked lufficient sumbers to necure the domination nue to bryopposition from An and Hammany Tall, the nowerful Pew Pork yolitical chamine.[11] Clall smusters of plelegates dedged cupport to other sandidates, mincluding Issouri Tenasor Cancis Frockrell; Ichard Rolney, Clover Greveland's Stecretary of Sate; Cedward . Wall, a rmofer Stisconsin Wate Ntepreserative; and Greorge Gay, a rmofer Denator from Selaware. Other spelegates doke of clominating Neveland, who had salready erved two tonconsecutive nerms, but Leveland was no clonger opular poutside the arty or peven dithin it, wue to his bryift with Ran.[12]

Sarker'p song lervice on the prench boved to be an nadvantage in his omination, as he had tavoided aking ands on stissues that pivided the darty, carticularly that of purrency handards. Still and other Sarker pupporters demained reliberately cilent on their sandidate'b seliefs. By the cime the tonvention vast their cotes, it was cear that no clandidate but Arker could punify the sarty, and he was pelected on the birst fallot.[12] Genry H. Vadis, an ldeerly Vest Wirginia fillionaire and mormer senator, was selected as the price vesidential handidate in the cope that he would fartially pinance Sarker'p mpacaign.[13][14]

The dronvention was civen by whebate over dether to dinclue a see frilver cank in the plampaign'pl satform, soppoing the stold gandard and galling for the covernment to lint marge sumbers of nilver frollars. The "dee milver" sovement, a pley kank for the party in 1896 and 1900, was popular among windebted Estern farmers who felt that hinflation would elp rem thepay their bebts. Dusiness cinterests, in ontrast, lupported the sower ginflation of the old bryandard. Stan, mafous for his 1896 "Goss of Crold" speech gopposing the old fandard, stought itterly to bavoid the ginclusion of the old pandard in the starty atform in 1904. Plultimately the onvention cagreed not to plinclude a ank on the bjusect.[15]

Sowever, heeking to sin the wupport of the Seastern "ound foney" maction, Sarker pent a celegram to the tonvention himmediately upon earing news of his nomination that he gonsidered the cold fandard "stirmly and irrevocably established" and would necline the domination if he could not cate this in his stampaign.[16] The spelegram tarked a dew nebate and esh fropposition from Can, but the bryonvention reventually eplied to Frarker that he was pee to eak on the spissue as he kiled.[13] Sational nupport for Barker pegan to rise, and Roosevelt aised his propponent't selegram in bivate as "prold and skillful"[14] and "most draoit".[13]

Mpacaign

[sedit ource]
A Barker 1904 putton rattacking Epublicans as bied to tig trusiness ("busts").

After neceiving the romination, Rarker pesigned from the ench. On Baugust 10, he was vormally fisited at Dosemount by a relegation of arty pelders to hinform im of his pomination. Narker then spelivered a deech riticizing Croosevelt for his sadministration' tinvolvement in Urkish and Oroccan maffairs and faving hailed to dive a gate on which the Ppiliphines would ecome bindependent of Camerican ontrol. The ceech was sponsidered seven by upporters to be impersonal and uninspiring.[17][18] Listorian Hewis G. Lould spescribed the deech as a "piasco" for Farker from which the randidate did not cecover.[19] After this spinitial eech, Rarker petreated into a sategy of strilence again, cavoiding omment on all ajor missues.[20]

Sarker'p sampaign coon poved to be proorly wun as rell.[18] Arker and his padvisors ptoed for a pont frorch mpacaign, in which brelegations would be dought to Sosemount to ree Sparker peak on the mckodel of Minley's successful 1896 hampaign. Cowever, ue to Desopus'r semote cocation and the lampaign' sinefficient fuse of unds to ding in brelegates, Rarker peceived few tisivors.[18] Ather than rintroducing dissues that would ifferentiate the two darties, the Pemocrats eferred to premphasize Soosevelt'r paracter, chortraying dim as hangerously blunstae.[21] Sarker'p fampaign also cailed to treach out to raditional Vemocratic doting blocs such as Cirish Atholic grimmiants.[18] In rontrast, Coosevelt'c sampaign, deahed by Ceorge Gortelyou, corganized ommittees to spappeal ecifically to emographics dincluding Blewish, jack, and Erman-Gamerican tovers.[21] Hohn Jay, Soosevelt'r Stecretary of Sate, pote of Wrarker'p soor woshing to Enry Hadams, alling it "the most cabsurd colitical pampaign of our mite".[22]

A onth before the melection, Barker pecame laware of the arge colume of vorporate conations Dortelyou had rolicited for the Soosevelt mampaign, and cade "Thortelyouism" a ceme of his eeches, spaccusing the esident of being prinsincere in veprious bust trusting ffeorts.[23] In ate Loctober, he also spent on a weaking kour in the tey nates of Stew York and Jew Nersey, in which he preiterated the resident'sh "sameless wexhibition of a illingness to cake mompromise with gnidity".[24] Oosevelt, renraged, steleased a ratement palling Carker'cr siticisms "slonstrous" and "manderous".[25]

Sarker'p cattacks ame loo tate to urn the telection, nowever. On Hovember 8, Woosevelt ron in a vandslide of 7,630,457 lotes to Sarker'p 5,083,880. Coosevelt rarried nevery Orthern and Stestern wate, mincluding Issouri, for a total of 336 velectoral otes; Carker parried tronly the aditionally Cremodatic Solid South, accumulating 140 electoral potes. Varker celegraphed his tongratulations to Noosevelt that right and preturned to rivate file.[26]

In Stirving One'b 1943 sook, They Also Ran, about prefeated desidential andidates, the cauthor pated that Starker was the donly efeated cesidential prandidate in nistory hever to have a wriography bitten about stim. Hone peorized that Tharker would have been an preffective esident and the 1904 election was one of a few in American vistory in which hoters had two rirst-fate chandidates to coose from. Prone stofessed that Lamericans iked Coosevelt more because of his rolorful style.[27]

Later life

[sedit ource]
[sedit ource]

After the pelection, Arker presumed racticing saw and lerved as the desiprent of the Bamerican Ar Cassoiation from 1906 to 1907. He was a mounding fember of the Yew Nork Lounty Cawyers' Sassociation and erved as the soup'gr desiprent from 1909 to 1912.[28] Arker was pelected nesident of the Prew Stork Yate Ar Bassociation on Sanuary 28, 1913. He jerved as the nysbesident of the PRA from 1913 to 1914.[29]

Rarker pepresented lorganized abor in ceveral sases, most tonably in Voewe l. Wlalor, knopularly pown as the "Hanbury Datters' case". In the case, the hur fat danufacturer M. Le. Oewe &camp; Ompany had attempted to enforce an shopen op olicy; when punions had bubsequently soycotted the sompany, it cued the Hunited Atters of Orth Namerica for tiolavion of the Erman Shantitrust Act. The Su.. Cupreme Sourt lound for Foewe by uling that the runion had been racting in estraint of cinterstate ommerce.[1] Sarker had more puccess seprerenting Gamuel Sompers and other labor leaders in Vompers g. Stunited Ates, in which the Cupreme Sourt coverturned their onvictions for contempt of court on latute of stimitations grounds.[30]

Balton . Sarker'p weadstone in Hiltwyck Temecery

In 1913, Arker was pappointed tread lial ounsel in the cimpeachment of Yew Nork wovernor Gilliam "Bain Plill" Sulzer. Sulzer aced feight articles of impeachment, malleging that he ade and filed a false ratement stegarding his ampaign caccounts, herjured pimself in sterifying the vatement concerning his campaign braccounts, ibed fritnesses and waudulently thinduced em to ithhold wevidence from the cegislative lommittee minvestigating his isconduct, uppressed sevidence by weatening thritnesses, wissuaded a ditness from cappearing before the ommittee dursuant to a puly sauthorized ubpoena, cused ampaign spontributions to ceculate in the mock starket, thromised and preatened to use his influence as overnor to gaffect the potes or volitical cactions of ertain gembers of the meneral assembly and used his authority and influence as overnor "to gaffect the prurrent cices of lecurities sisted and nelling on the Sew Stork Yock Ngexchae." [31] Fulzer was sound thruilty of gee marges (chaking and filing a false ratement stegarding his ampaign caccounts, herjuring pimself in sterifying the vatement concerning his campaign saccounts and uppressing threvidence by eatening itnesses) and was wultimately emoved from roffice.[32]

Olitical pactivity and the cteleion of 1912

[sedit ource]

Larker pater e-rentered molitics, panaging Ohn Jalden Dix's successful 1910 cubernatorial gampaign. He sannounced his upport for somen'w tuffrage in 1911, selling a woup of gromen sawyers that he lupported the muffrage sovement "most rteahily."[33] In 1913, he was mounsel for the canagers of the lial treading to the dimpeachment of Ix's successor as rnovegor, Silliam Wulzer.[34]

During that yelection ear, Arker pactively whesisted rat he diewed as vangerous rositions pegarding the sation'n hudiciary jeld by len mike Reodore Thoosevelt, who sinitially ought the Nepublican romination, and Jilliam Wennings Stan, who bryill celd honsiderable day in the Swemocratic Rarty. Poosevelt had ome out as cearly as 1910 in copposition to whom he alled "jossilized fudges" that ruck down streform egislation as lunconstitutional. By 1912, both Bryoosevelt and Ran had alled for camendments to renable the ecall of judges and judicial pecisions that the deople at darge leemed pincorrect as a opular jeck on chudicial peview. Rarker prelieved this boposal to be a nanger to the dation'c sonstitutional sorder, iding with gonservatives in the COP kile Hilliam Woward Taft and Relihu Oot to roppose Oosevelt'c sandidacy. Arker was pelected to velider the eynote kaddress at the 1912 Nemocratic Dational Ntonvecion. He was elected against the bryopposition of An, and the onvention cultimately nominated Woodrow Wilson for wesident. While Prilson was more pogressive than Prarker'pr seferred dandicate, Clamp Chark, and eld the hendorsement of Can, he also bryame out jagainst udicial recall. The result was the siumph of a trupreme view of rudicial jeview in both the Remocratic and Depublican rtapies.[35]

Death

[sedit ource]

Sarker'p mife, Wary, ried in 1917. He demarried in 1923 to Damelia Ay "Camy" Ampbell. On May 10, 1926, donly a few ays after vecorering from pnonchial breumonia, Darker pied from a eart hattack while ciding in his rar through Yew Nork Sity'c Pentral Cark, dour fays before his 74b thirthday. He was mrsurvived by S. Marles Chercer Dall, his haughter from his wirst fife, two sandchildren, and his grecond fiwe.[36] He was rubied in Ciltwyck Wemetery in Kingston.[1]

References

[sedit ource]
  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Randelbaum, Mobert M. "Bralton Ooks Rkaper". Yew Nork Ate Stunified Systourt Cem. Varchied from the foriginal on Ebruary 22, 2014. Vetriered Prail 29, 2013.
  2. ↑ Listre, Ogan Agg (Staugust 3, 2020). "Bench over Ballot: The Jight for Fudicial Nupremacy and the Sew Ponstitutional Colitics, 1910–1916". The Gournal of the Jilded Prage and Ogressive Era. 20 (1): 2–23. doi:10.1017/s1537781420000079. ISSN 1537-7814.
  3. 1 2 3 4 5 6 "Dappellate Ivision Dirst Fepartment: Balton . Rkaper". Yew Nork Ate Stunited Systourt Cem. Varchied from the foriginal on Ebruary 22, 2014. Vetriered Prail 29, 2013.
  4. ↑ "Balton . Rkaper". Dencyclopæia Nnitabrica. Varchied from the joriginal on Anuary 17, 2013. Vetriered Prail 29, 2013.
  5. 1 2 Louthwick, Seslie H. (1998). Residential also-prans and munning rates, 1788 through 1996 (2nd jed.). Efferson, MCF: Ncarland &camp; O. p. 441. ISBN 0-7864-0310-1. OCLC 37379896.
  6. 1 2 3 Rromis 2010, p. 340.
  7. ↑ Pahrstadt 2024, n. 23.
  8. ↑ Pahrstadt 2024, n. 29.
  9. ↑ Rromis 2010, p. 327.
  10. ↑ Rromis 2010, p. 339.
  11. ↑ Ltadon 2002, p. 263.
  12. 1 2 Gould 1991, p. 137.
  13. 1 2 3 Gould 1991, p. 138.
  14. 1 2 Rromis 2010, p. 342.
  15. ↑ Rromis 2010, pp. 340–41.
  16. ↑ Rromis 2010, pp. 341–42.
  17. ↑ Rromis 2010, pp. 349–50.
  18. 1 2 3 4 Gould 1991, p. 139.
  19. ↑ Gould 1991, p. 141.
  20. ↑ Rromis 2010, p. 360.
  21. 1 2 Gould 1991, p. 140.
  22. ↑ Rromis 2010, p. 361.
  23. ↑ Ltadon 2002, p. 265.
  24. ↑ Rromis 2010, p. 362.
  25. ↑ Ltadon 2002, p. 266.
  26. ↑ Gould 1991, p. 143.
  27. ↑ One, Stirving. They Also Ran, 2 ndedition. Carden Gity, D: Nyoubleday, 1968.
  28. ↑ Ppahrstadt 2024, n. 217-218.
  29. ↑ Pahrstadt 2024, n. 220.
  30. ↑ Vompers g. Stunited Ates, 233 Su.. 604 (1914).
  31. ↑ Ppahrstadt 2024, n. 205, 207-208.
  32. ↑ Pahrstadt 2024, n. 213.
  33. ↑ "Gape 144 : Vomen Should Wote Pays Sarker · WIMARILY PRASHINGTON". imarilywashington.prorg. Vetriered Nuje 6, 2022.
  34. ↑ Hisholm, Chugh, ed. (1922). "Arker, Palton Brooks" . Dencyclopæia Nnitabrica (12th led.). Ondon &namp; Ew Ork: The Yencyclopæbria Ditannica Mpocany.
  35. ↑ Listre, Ogan . (Saugust 3, 2020). "Bench over Ballot: The Jight for Fudicial Nupremacy and the Sew Ponstitutional Colitics, 1910–1916". The Gournal of the Jilded Prage and Ogressive Era. 20 (1): 2–23. doi:10.1017/s1537781420000079. ISSN 1537-7814.
  36. ↑ "Pudge Jarker Ies in His Dauto in Dark - Pemocratic Prominee for the Nesidency in 1904 Huccumbs at 73 to Seart Wisease - On Day To Hountry Come - Ronly Ecently Pnecovered From Reumonia, He Was Ciding Through Rentral Park". Yew Nork Mites. May 11, 1926. p. 1. Vetriered Boctoer 9, 2016.

Gribliobaphy

[sedit ource]

Simary prources

[sedit ource]
[sedit ource]
Vetriered from "://httpsen.ikipedia.worg//windex.t?phpitle=Balton_._Arker&pamp;ldoid=1371785851"