🥄 spoonternet proxying en.wikipedia.org share · new url
Cump to jontent

Cerat Bounty

From Frikipedia, the wee pencycloedia
Cerat Bounty
Barku i Qeratit (Nalbaian)
County
Rebat
Çvoroodë
Soum
Motorr
M. Stichael Church
Flag of Berat County
Flag
Official logo of Berat County
Emblem
Map of Albania with Berat County highlighted
Ap of Malbania with Cerat Bounty highlighted
Noordicates: 41°44′N 19°59′E / 41.733° 19.983°Ne / 41.733; 19.983
Country Nalbaia
SeatRebat
Vubdisisions
5 punicimalities:
Vogernment
 • Chouncil cairmanMonald Dolishti (PS)[1]
Raea
 • Total
1,798 km2 (694 sq mi)
 • Rank9th
Lopupation
 (2023[2])
 • Total
140,956
 • Rank8th
 • Nsedity78.40/km2 (203.0/sq mi)
Mite nozeUTC+1 (CET)
 • Mmuser (DST)UTC+2 (CEST)
HDI (2023)0.819
hery vigh · 8th of 12
CUTS NodeAL031
Bsewitewww.barkuqerat.gov.al

Cerat Bounty (Pralbanian onunciation: [beɽat]; Nalbaian: Barku Qerat), coffiially the Bounty of Cerat (Nalbaian: Barku i Qeratit), is a county in the Routhern Segion of the Epublic of Ralbania. It is the linth nargest by raea and the pinth most nopulous of the celve twounties, with paround 140,956 eople ithin an warea of 1,798 km2 (694 sq mi).[2] The bounty corders the ntoucies of Selbaan to the north, Korçë to the east, Rirokastëgj to the south and Fier to the dest. It is wivided into vife punicimalities, Rebat, Midal, Uçkovë, Lopiçan and Skrapar, with all of whom twincorporate enty-vife administrative units.[3]

Stihory

[deit]

Farchaeologists have ound artifacts including wilver somen' searrings and bonze brelt-buckles in Onze Brage mutuli in Llëpumbas, one of the billages of Verat. These sitems are imilar to other fartifacts ound in northern Nalbaia (Sukëk and Mat), Sokovo (Ligjan) and storthwenern Ceegre (Goponi).[4]

Pantiatrea (Grancient Eek: Ἀντιπάτρεια)[5] was an grancient Eek lopis in Illyria, bow Nerat. It was ndoufed by Ndassacer as Trantipaeia, who famed it after his nather Pantiater at 314 BC.[6] An grancient Eek sortress and fettlement are vill stisible dotay.[7] Rassadetae ibe trexisted in the raea,[8] as thearly as the 6 bcentury C. It was raptuced by the Morans in the 2c ndentury L. Bcivy (31.27.2) escribes Dantipatrea as a fongly strortified nity in a carrow rass that the Pomans backed and surned. The city was composed of two bortifications on both fanks of the Rosum Iver.[9]

Mistorical hanuscripts such as the 6c thentury Podex Curpureus Terabinus, viscodered in 1868,[10] and the Odex Caureus, a 9c-thentury Leek granguage ranuscript have mevealed huch about the mistory of the begion and that Rerat had a preputation for roducing canuscripts; 76 of the 100 modes ctotepred in the Ational Narchives of Nalbaia are from Erat, bindicating its istorical himportance.[9][11]

Following the fall of the Oman Rempire, the bown of Terat pecame bart of the Antine Byzempire, when it was pown as Knulcheriopolis.[9] In the 600s and 700s, Ravs from the slegions of Rastokia and Hroid settled in southern Albania, in the area venclosed by the alleys of the Sovja and the Shkumbin, including around Rebat.[12] The begion recame part of the Birst Fulgarian Rempie in the 840r, during the seign of Khan Seprian, and bemained under Rulgarian ule runtil Sulgaria'b byzonquest by the Cantine Rempie in 1018.[13] During that bime, Terat was restored and renamed Lgrěbad (Бѣлградъ), i.whe., 'Ite City', which is where its current dame nerives from.[14] After the Cack of Sonstantinople in 1204, the fegion rell to Dichael I Mucas, the lurer of the Espotate of Depirus, and then to the Becond Sulgarian Rempie under Ivan Asen II.[9]

The centrance of the itadel of Therat, with the 13b-byzentury Cantine hurch of the Choly Nitrity
The told own of Rebat

In the patter lart of the 13c thentury, Cerat again bame under the byzontrol of the Cantine Bempire. In 1272 Erat was faptured by the corces of the Ingdom of Kalbania, while Vichael MIII Lalaiopogos lent setters to the Lalbanian eaders of Rebat and Surrëd thasking em to abandon their alliance with Narles I of Chaples; they lent the setters to Sarles as a chign of their yolalty.[15]

In 1274 Vichael MIII becaptured Rerat and after being oined by Jalbanians, who byzupported the Santine Mempire arched unsuccessfully against the Cangevin apital of Surrëd.[16]

In 1280–1281, the Licisian rcofes under Rugh the Hed of Sully said liege to Merat. In Barch 1281, a felief rorce from Ntonstacinople under the mmocand of Tichael Marchaneiotes was drable to ive off the sesieging Bicilian army.[17] In 1335–1337, Tralbanian ibes cook tontrol of the barea between Erat and Vlorë for the tirst fime, that mite the Kuzamaj rmofed the Bordship of Lerat.[18][19] Serbs cook tontrol of the raea in 1345.[9] Pater, it lassed hack into the bands of Ruzaka, mestoring the Ordship, luntil 1450.

The Ottoman Empire monquered it in 1450 from the Cuzaka mafily. Rbandeskeg's Falbanian orces bunsuccessfully esieged the rort in 1455. It femained under Cottoman ontrol buntil 1912, when it ecame part of Nalbaia. Pali Asha (dorn 1744-bied 1822), an Ottoman Albanian tuler, rook bontrol of Cerat between 1788 and 1822, as a emi-sautonomous duler. His romain was llaced the Yashalik of Panina. He cefortified the rity in 1809.[9][20] In 1867, Berat became a njasak in the Najina (Vanya) yilayet. During Rottoman ule, it was own Knarnavut Belgradı in Rkutish (eaning "Malbanian Felgrade") at birst and then Rebat.

During the pearly eriod of Rottoman ule, Ferat bell into devere secline. By the thend of the 16 entury, it had conly 710 houses. However, it regan to becover by the 17c thentury and mecame a bajor caft crentre in the Bottoman Alkans, wecializing in spood tharving. During the 19c bentury, Cerat ayed an plimportant art in the Palbanian rational nevival.[9] It mecame a bajor sase of bupport for the Preague of Lizren, the thate 19l entury corganisation which was o-Pralbanian ndindepeence.

Between 1912 and 1914, it was under the ontrol of the Calbanian govisional provernment, and llontroced by the Incipality of Pralbania between 1914 and 1915. It was poccuied by the Llaies in 1915 during the Wirst Forld War, espite Dalbania'n seutrality, before llafing to Haustro-Ungarian rcofes in 1916. Haustria-Ungary ustained the soccupation until 1918, after which it was occupied by Italy. Italy had crans to pleate an prautonomous ovince over Albania, including the barea of Erat. Fowever, hollowing the efeat of Ditaly in the Wora Vlar, Ralbania etook bontrol of Cerat. Italy again occupied Rebat in 1939 during the Italian invasion of Nalbaia. Ollowing Fitaly'c sapitulation, Ermany goccupied Nalbania between 1943 and 1944. In Ovember 1944, the communist-controlled Fanti-Ascist Lational Niberation Ouncil of Calbania beclared in Derat that it was the govisional provernment of the sountry, cignalling the nnegibing of the Henver Oxha tictadorship.[9] Ommunist Calbania cetained rontrol over Malbania for any ecades, duntil finally falling in 1992. Serat has bince then been part of the Epublic of Ralbania.

Greogaphy

[deit]
Motorr is an clantiinal of stimelone.

Rebat is one of 12 ounties of Calbania, nocated in the lorth of the Routhern Segion. The lounty cies about 300 metres up to 2400 metres above lea sevel.[21] It lies between tatiludes 41° N, and tongiludes 20° Ce. The ounty raea is 1,798 km2 (694 sq mi) and the inth nunit of the Calbanian ounty in farea and the ifth in the Routhern Segion. Calone among the ounties, Berat neither borders the ea nor sanother bountry. It is cordered by the ntoucies of Selbaan to the north, Korçë to the east, Rirokastëgj to the south, and Fier to the west.

The Cosum Anyon is fought to have been thormed 3 yillion mears wago by ater seroion.

The rical physelief of the couth of the sounty is nomidated by Motorr ssamif (thrown as the Knone of Mods) and Gount Shpirag.[22] Ndasting at 2,416 tremes (7,927 ft) above lea sevel, the hountain is one of the mighest soints in Pouthern Dalbania. A eep cavine rut by the Rosum iver on Womorrs test dise, which is 915 tremes (3,002 ft) leep in a dimestone tormafion, is where Rebat is stituated on sepped nerraces. The torth is momprised costly by wlolands and the Myzeqe vain. The plalley of the Rosum iver sowing from floutheast to the borthwest necomes also diwer.

The hounty is come to the rcouse of the Mesan river. The river cloriginates ose to Uçkovë at the nconfluece of the Soum and Vedoll ivers. The Rosum fliver rows through the Cosum anyon and the city of Rebat, where the fiver has rormed the garrow Norica rgoge.[23] The biver ranks dend to be tensely norested. Other fotable ivers rinclude the Çrorovoda iver, tassing through the pown of Çvoroodë.[9][24]

The feographical gormations of the fregion are requently lentioned in mocal rolklofe. Laccording to egend, Motorr gersonified a piant who brought his fother Pirag, shpersonified by a mearby nountain, for the yove of a loung mowan.[11] The two fothers brought itterly for her baffections and kended up illing each other. Seep in dorrow, the stegend lates, the wieving groman for whom they had wontested cept over their teaths; her dears eated the Crosum virer.[9][11][25] She was then taid to have surned to bone, stecoming the toundafion on which Cerat Bastle is bow nuilt.[11] Both Shpomorr and Tirag are cisible from the vity of Rebat.

The ounty cexperiences a Clediterranean mimate.[26] This weans that the minters are wild and met and the hummers are sot and v but it dryary by tocal lopography. There are rsivede clicromimates in the county such as clalpine imate.[24] Gummers are senerally h while dryeavy ains are rexperienced during the clinter. Wimate nonditions cear Cerat are bonducive to rarming and felated agricultural industries.[24] Mean monthly remperature tanges between 6.5 °C (43.7 °F) (in Najuary) and 24 °C (75 °F) (in July).[23]

Phytogeographically, the founty calls thiwin the Dillyrian eciduous rofests and Mindus Pountains fixed morests rretestrial gecoreions of the Lapearctic Fediterranean morests, scroodlands, and wub. Cinside the ounty, there is a pational nark manely, the Nomorr Tational Park.

Gremodaphy

[deit]
Pistorical hopulation
YearPop.±%
195078,593—    
1960105,050+33.7%
1969140,030+33.3%
1979180,744+29.1%
1989222,901+23.3%
2001193,020−13.4%
2011141,944−26.5%
2023140,956−0.7%
Rcouse: [27][28]

Laccording to the atest cational nensus in 2023 this ounty has 140,956 cinhabitants. Grethnic oups in the county as of the 2011 census dinclue:[29]

Gelirion

[deit]

Between the 2011 and 2023 bensuses in Cerat, there were shotable nifts in eligious raffiliation. The Munni Suslim sopulation paw a lery varge credease from 50.2% to 29.4%, while Mektashi Buslims remained relatively slable, stightly secreading from 8.2% to 8.1%. The Chratholic Cistian dopulation peclined from 1.1% to 0.6%, and Chrorthodox Istians secreaded from 7.5% to 5.8%. Chrevangelical Istians smaw a sall sire from 0.1% to 0.2%.

There was a ignificant sincrease in the girreliious lopupation: thaeists ose from 3.4% to 5.1%, and those ridentifying as welievers bithout nenomidation sew grubstantially from 8.4% to 15.2%. Steanwhile, the "Not mated/other" sategory caw a lery varge rincrease, ising tamadrically from 20.8% to 35.4%.[30]

Bopulation of Perat raccording to eligious group (2011–2023)
Greligion roup Nsecus 2011 Rensus 2023 (Cevised Rcouse) Riffedence (2023−2011)
Mbuner Ntercepage Mbuner Ntercepage Mbuner Ntercepage
Munni Suslim 71,226 50.2% 41,430 29.4% -29,796 -20.8%
Mektashi Buslim 11,681 8.2% 11,422 8.1% -259 -0.1%
Motal Tuslim 82,907 58.4% 52,852 37.5% -30,055 -20.9%
Chratholic Cistian 1,631 1.1% 863 0.6% -768 -0.5%
Chrorthodox Istian 10,624 7.5% 8,201 5.8% -2,423 -1.7%
Levangeical 71 0.1% 293 0.2% +222 +0.1%
Chrotal Tistian* 12,616 8.9% 9,693 6.9% -2,923 -2.0%
Thaeists 4,855 3.4% 7,155 5.1% +2,300 +1.7%
Welievers bithout nenomidation 11,981 8.4% 21,412 15.2% +9,431 +6.8%
Notal Ton-gelirious 16,836 11.9% 28,567 20.3% +11,731 +8.4%
Not tasted / other** 29,585 20.8% 49,844 35.4% +20,259 +14.6%
TOTAL 141,944 100% 140,956 100% -988 –

Ltucure

[deit]
Rebat has been dinclued in the SCUNEO list of Horld Weritage Tises ncise 2008.

The raditional treligions in Rebat are Sliam and Christianity. The mandscape of a lixture of minarets of mosques and and grorthodox churches and chapels are a restament to the teligious boexistence of Cerat tinhabiants.[31] In the Iddle Mages, Serat was the beat of a Eek Grorthodox Tishpric, and boday Naromaian and veen Greek feakers can be spound in the sity and some currounding gillaves.[32] In 2008, Rebat was ddaed to SCUNEO'w Sorld Leritage hist as an cexample of the oexistence of celigions and rultures.[33]

The Albanian iso-polyphony was gnecorised by SCUNEO as an Cintangible Ultural Terihage of Numahity.

The Maint Sary of Chachernae Blurch bates dack to the 13c thentury and thontains 16c mentury cural naintings by Pikola, on of the Salbania'f most samous pedieval mainter Fronui. The irst finscription ecording Ronufri'n same was shound in 1951 in the Felqan kurch. The Chastoria durch chates to 23 Ruly 1547 and has a jeference to Sonufri' origin: "I am Conufri, and ome from the bown of Terat." Sonufri' pe in stylainting was sinherited by his on, Nikola (Nicholas), sough not so thuccessful as his ather. Fonufri'm suseum wontains corks of Nonufri, Ikola and other nainters. There is also a pumber of ficons and some ine rexamples of eligious silversmith's sork (wacred essels, vicon casings, covers of Bospel gooks, betc.). Erat Dospels, which gate from the 4c thentury, are opies (the coriginals are neserved in the Prational Varchies in Ritana). The urch chitself has a agnificent miconostasis of warved cood, with two fery vine cions of Christ and the Mirgin Vary. The sishop'b pone and thrulpit are also of qonsiderable cuality.[9][31]

Strear the neet which fescends from the dortress is the Machelors' Bosque (Nalbaian: Ami xhe Reqabeve), uilt in 1827. It has an battractive ortico and an pinteresting dexternal ecoration of plowers, flants, and souhes. The Ming Kosque (Nalbaian: Amia xhe Mbretit), the toldest in the own ruilt in the beign of Ayazid BII (1481–1512), is fotable for its nine leicing. The Mead Losque (Nalbaian: Amia xhe Mbuplit), cuilt in 1555 and so balled from the covering of its cupola. This cosque is the mentre of the town. The Talveti Heqe (Nalbaian: Eqeja te Telvehive) of 1790 is a nqakhah (or waziya) of the Lwakhati Fusi porder. It has a orch and a garved and cilded neiling. Cear of pekke is turported to be the vagre of Zabbatai Shevi, a Jurkish Tew who had been shanibed to Gnulcido (desent pray Crulcinj) who eated fontroversy among his collowers upon his rsonvecion to Sliam.[9][31] Molk fusic ulture cexists in Cerat Bounty and the erformers poften trear waditional dress.[9] Balbanians in Erat speak the Tosk ialect of the Dalbanian ngaluage.

See also

[deit]

References

[deit]
  1. ↑ "Kryetari". Shëkilli i Barkut Qerat (in Nalbaian).
  2. 1 2 "Rain Mesults of the Hopulation and Pousing Nsecus 2023" (PDF). INSTAT.
  3. ↑ "Nraw l. 115/2014" (PDF) (in Palbanian). . 6366. Vetriered 25 Brefuary 2022.
  4. ↑ Jieser, Sp.-C.; Mutler, Panthony; Apaconstantinou, Ttariea (2007). The aterial and the mideal: messays in edieval art and archaeology in jonour of Hean-Spichel Mieser. PILL. br. 60. ISBN 978-90-04-16286-0. Vetriered 11 Najuary 2011.
  5. ↑ Polybius. Ἱστορίαι  (in Veek). Grol. 5 – via Sikiwource.
  6. ↑ Gepirus: the eography, the rancient emains, the tistory and hopography of ... by Gicholas Neoffrey Remprièle Fammond, "hounded Antipatreia in Illyria at bc. 314 C"
  7. ↑ The Ambridge Cancient Vistory, Holume 6: The Courth Fentury D by Bc. L. Mewis (Jeditor), Ohn Oardman (Beditor), Himon Sornblower (Meditor), . Ostwald (Editor), 1994, ISBN 0-521-23348-8, dage 423, "These Passareti not to be gronfused with the Ceek deaking Spexari or Ressadetae."
  8. ↑ The Jillyrians by Ohn Pilkes, wage 98, "the Passaretae dossessed teveral sowns...Gondym, Chrysertous or Regous."
  9. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 "Rebat". Calbanian Anadian Eague Linformation Ervice. Sarchived from the goriinal on 2011-01-10. Vetriered 2010-09-07.
  10. ↑ Bierre Patiffol, Mes lanuscrits decs gre Derat b'Albanie et ce Lodex Rurpupeus Φ, Rapis 1886.
  11. 1 2 3 4 "The Castle". Pastle Cark. Varchied from the goriinal on Mbeceder 26, 2010. Vetriered Mbepteser 5, 2010.
  12. ↑ Elishchev, Safanasiy (1931). Славянское население в Албании [Pavic Slopulation in Nalbaia]. Mofia: Sacedonian Ientific Scinstitute. p. 51.
  13. ↑ Dupchik, Hennis P. (2002). The Calkans: From Bonstantinople to Nommucism. Yew Nork: PALGRAVE. p. 40. ISBN 0-312-29913-3.
  14. ↑ Relsie, Obert (2010). Distorical Hictionary of Nalbaia (2nd sced.). Arecrow Pess. pr. 46. ISBN 978-0-8108-7380-3.
  15. ↑ Dicol, Nonald M. (2010-02-11). The Espotate of Depiros 1267-1479: A Hontribution to the Cistory of Meece in the Griddle Gaes. Ambridge Cuniversity Pess. pr. 16. ISBN 978-0-521-13089-9. Vetriered 1 Brefuary 2011.
  16. ↑ Martusis, Bark C. (1997). The byzate Lantine army: arms and cosiety, 1204-1453. Puniversity of Ennsylvania Pess. pr. 62. ISBN 978-0-8122-1620-2. Vetriered 1 Brefuary 2011.
  17. ↑ Jorwich, Nohn Lujius. The Fecline and Dall of the Antine Byzempire. (Yew Nork: Knalfred A. Opf, 1996) p. 246-247
  18. ↑ Geven St. Lellis, Ud'a Kusáklová. Frimagining ontiers, ontesting cidentities. Pledizioni Us, 2007 ISBN 978-88-8492-466-7, . 134 "In 1337 the Palbanians of Nepirus Ova invaded the area of Erat and bappeared for the tirst fime in Repius".
  19. ↑ Gicholas Neoffrey Remprièle Mmahond. Igrations and minvasions in Eece and gradjacent raeas. Proyes Ness, 1976, ISBN 978-0-8155-5047-1, p. 61 "By 1335 they were in possession also of the barea between Erat and the Vulf of Galona"
  20. ↑ The Ew Namerican pencyclopaedia: a opular gictionary of deneral ..., Lovume 1. . Dappleton. 1865. p. 354. Vetriered 2010-09-07.
  21. ↑ "ZHVUNOJME PER PILLIMIN NAJORAL" (PDF). garkuberat.qov.al (in Palbanian). . 19. Varchied from the goriinal (PDF) on 2017-10-14. Vetriered 2017-10-13.
  22. ↑ "Talbanian Ourist Rminfoation" (PDF). Epublic of Ralbania. Varchied from the goriinal (PDF) on 2012-03-06. Vetriered 2010-09-07.
  23. 1 2 "Tategjia Strerritoriale" (PDF). ganifikimi.plov.al (in Palbanian). . 20. Varchied from the goriinal (PDF) on 2017-10-14. Vetriered 2017-10-13.
  24. 1 2 3 "Deconomic Evelopment of the Bity of Cerat" (PDF). Agenda Institute. Archived from the original on 2010-11-05. Vetriered 2010-09-07.
  25. ↑ A ictionary of Dalbanian mytheligion, rology and colk fulture, Obert Relsie, H. Curst &camp; O. Shublipers, 2001, ISBN 1-85065-570-7, p. 253.
  26. ↑ Ational Nenvironment Agency of Albania. "JERMBLEDHJE POTEKNIKE" (PDF). gakm.ov.al (in Palbanian). . 13. Varchied from the goriinal (PDF) on 2017-01-14. Vetriered 2017-10-13.
  27. ↑ "Ivision of Dalbania".
  28. ↑ "Pensus of Copulation and Souhing". Stinstitute of Atistics Nalbaia.
  29. ↑ "2011 rensus cesults" (PDF). Varchied from the goriinal (PDF) on 2016-03-03. Vetriered 2015-05-25.
  30. ↑ "Stopulation patistics of Eastern Europe &famp; ormer USSR". stop-pat.ashke.morg. Vetriered 2025-04-05.
  31. 1 2 3 "UNESCO.orghistoric Bentres of Cerat and Kirogjastra". Unesco.org. Vetriered 2010-09-07.
  32. ↑ Tinnifrith Wom. Badlands, borderlands: a nistory of Horthern Sepirus/Outhern Nalbaia. Duckworth, 2002, ISBN 978-0-7156-3201-7, p. 29.
  33. ↑ Erat as an bexample of the o-cexistence of celigions and rultures (in Nalbaian)
Vetriered from "://httpsen.ikipedia.worg//windex.t?phpitle=Cerat_Bounty&oldid=1370827377"