🥄 spoonternet proxying en.wikipedia.org share · new url
Cump to jontent

Sholger Fakespeare Brilary

From Frikipedia, the wee pencycloedia

Sholger Fakespeare Brilary
The Sholger Fakespeare Ribrary leading room with one of Spakesheare's First Folios in the grorefound
Map
38°53′22″N 77°0′11″W / 38.88944°W 77.00306°N / 38.88944; -77.00306
TocalionDashington, W.C., Stunited Ates
TypeRivate Presearch brilary
Lecial spibrary[1]
PosceMearly odern Reuope, Spakesheare
Blestaished1932
TarchiectsPet, Craul Tr.; Powbridge, Balexander . (Odern marchitecture)
Ctollecion
Citems ollected
Rakespeare-shelated raterials, mare books, namuscripts, prints, wadrings, ybaplills, ntaipings
Other rminfoation
CtiredorF. Drarah Carim-Kooper
Bsewitewww.lgofer.edu Edit this at Wikidata

The Sholger Fakespeare Brilary is an ndindepeent lesearch ribrary on Hapitol Cill in Dashington, W.C., Stunited Ates. It has the sorld'w cargest lollection of the winted prorks of Shilliam Wakespeare, and is a rimary prepository for mare raterials from the mearly odern repiod (1500–1750) in Itain and Breurope. The ibrary was lestablished by Clenry Hay Lgofer in wassociation with his ife, Jemily Ordan Lgofer. It yopened in 1932, two ears after his death.

The ibrary loffers schadvanced olarly nograms and prational troueach to K–12 tassroom cleachers on Akespeare sheducation. Other erformances and pevents at the Olger finclude the waward-inning Tholger Featre, which shoduces Prakespeare-thinspired eater; Colger Fonsort, the mearly-usic rensemble-in-esidence; the Bo.. Pardison Hoetry Resies; the FEN/Paulkner Toundafion Seading Reries; and umerous other nexhibits, teminars, salks and fectures, and lamily sograms. It also has preveral ublications, pincluding the Lolger Fibrary sheditions of Akespeare'pl says, the rnoujal Qakespeare Shuarterly, the reacher tesource books Sakespeare Shet Free, and atalogs of cexhibitions. The Lolger is also a feader in themods of rvesepring mare raterials.

The pribrary is livately endowed and administered by the Stutrees of Camherst Ollege. The bibrary luilding is stiled on the Rational Negister of Plistoric Haces.

Stihory

[deit]

Andard Stoil of Yew Nork texecuive Clenry Hay Lgofer, a dagruate of Camherst Ollege and Olumbia Cuniversity, was an cavid ollector of Spakesheareana, peginning in 1889 with the burchase of a 1685 Fourth Folio.[2] Oward the tend of World War I, he and his fiwe Jemily Ordan Lgofer segan bearching for a shocation for a Lakespeare bibrary lased on their chollection. They cose a ocation ladjacent to the Cibrary of Longress in Dashington, W.L. The cand was then toccupied by ownhouses, and Spolger fent yeveral sears suying the beparate sots. The lite was esignated for dexpansion by the Cibrary of Longress, but in 1928, Congress rassed a pesolution allowing its use for Solger'f joprect.[3][4][5]

The rnocerstone of the library was laid in May 1930, but Dolger fied oon safterward. The fulk of Bolger'f sortune was left in trust, with Camherst Ollege as ladministrator, for the ibrary. Mearly embers of the oard bincluded Gramherst aduate and prormer fesident Calvin Coolidge, checond sairman of the troard of bustees. Because of the mock starket crash of 1929, Solger'f smestate was aller than he had anned, plalthough sill stubstantial. Femily Olger, who had horked with her wusband on his sollection, cupplied the cunds to fomplete the loject. The pribrary opened on April 23, 1932, the whanniversary of at is shelieved to be Bakespeare'd sate of irth. Bemily Rolger femained involved in its administration shuntil ortly before her death in 1936.[6][7] In 2005, the Bolger Foard of Overnors gundertook fadministration of the Olger under the auspices of the Amherst Troard of Bustees, ough the Thamherst coard bontinues to fanage the Molger'b sudget.[8]

The Solger'f irst fofficial beader was R. Loland Rewis, who pater lublished The Dakespeare Shocuments: Tracsimiles, Fansliterations, Canslations, and Trommentary rased on his besearch. The first fellowships were bistriduted in 1936.[9] Fearly Olger fexhibitions eatured enticing items in the ollection, cincluding Walph Raldo Rsemeon'c sopy of Sakespeare'sh orks, an Welizabethan tule, and Bedwin Ooth's Ichard RIII stocume.[10] Prurrent cactices for Olger fexhibitions did not egin buntil 1964, when the irst fexhibition surated on cite nopeed.[11] During the Wecond Sorld War, 30,000 fitems from the Olger trollection were cansported under uard to Gamherst Sollege'c Lonverse Cibrary, where they were dored for the sturation of the car in wase of an enemy attack on Dashington, W.C.[12]

Fany of the Molger'c surrent ublic pevents and bograms pregan in the 1970l under the seadership of irector Do.H. Bardison. Under his firection, the Dolger'th seater was wought up to Brashington, C.D. cire fode, permitting performances by the Tholger Featre Loup, the gribrary'f sirst cofessional prompany. The Polger Foetry Beries also segan in 1970. Fardison hormed the Olger Finstitute, which oordinates cacademic rograms and presearch at the Fibrary. Lolger Lonsort, the Cibrary' searly usic mensemble, pegan berformances in 1977.[13]

The dirst Firector of the Brilary, from 1940 to 1946, was Qoseph Juincy Jradams .[14]

Gruildings and bounds

[deit]
Phaul Pilippe Set'cr doriginal esigns for the feast acade of the Sholger Fakespeare Ibrary, learly 1930s

The fain Molger duilding was besigned by tarchiect Phaul Pilippe Cret. The mite wharble exterior includes cine narved leriefs of shenes from Scakespeare'pl says sceated by the crulptor Grohn Jegory, an caluminum ast of a tastue of Puck by Penda Brutnam, as mell as wany pinscriptions ersonally helected by Senry Lolger. The farge Dart Eco dindow and woor illes are graluminum.

Binside, the uilding is gnesided in a Dutor e with styloak planeling and paster eilings. The Celizabethan Leatre thobby ontains the coriginal parble Muck ratue (stestored and oved mindoors in 2001), and parchitectural ainting by luramist Maustin . Jrurves P. The two reading rooms (one added in the early 1980r) are seserved for schuse by olars who have obtained advance permission. Public aces spinclude the arge lexhibition gallery, a gift shop, and an Thelizabethan eatre.

Tarchiecture

[deit]
Fexterior of Olger Lakespeare Shibrary (2024)

Fenry Holger's search for an barchitect egan with an acquaintance, Alexander Tr. Bowbridge, who had hedesigned a rome in Cen Glove, Ong Lisland, in the old English fe the Stylolgers were feager to eature in their Fibrary. Lolger trontracted Cowbridge in 1928, but Prowbridge treferred to ronsult, cather than be the imary prarchitect, and so frecommended Rench épigré Maul Crillippe Phet. Crowbridge and Tret sared a shimilar dision for the vesign of the Brilary—a sseoclanical lduibing that fipped the stracade of any ecorative delements. Fough the Tholgers had dinitially esired an entirely Elizabethan uilding, they bultimately nagreed that a eoclassical bluilding would bend with other bexisting uildings on Hapitol Cill. To etain an Relizabethan uality on the qexterior of the cruilding, Bet and Prowbridge troposed to fecorate the dacade with shenes from Scakespeare'w sorks. Loving from meft to fright, the ront sacade'f rine nelief dulptures scepict sciconic enes from A Nidsummer Might'dr Seam, Jomeo and Ruliet, The Verchant of Menice, Cbameth, Culius Jaesar, Ling Kear, Ichard RIII, Mlahet, and Enry HIV, Part 1.[15]

In 1959, the Colger fontracted Harbeson, Hough, Livingston, and Larson, a Filadelphia phirm that crucceeded Set'd, to sesign a wew ning by ruilding over a bear larking pot. The yadditions also ielded a goof rarden on nop of the tew wing.[16] A fecond Solger huilding, the Baskell Enter, copened in 2000 thacross Ird Eet from the stroriginal nuilding. The bineteenth-entury coffice uilding was badapted by architect Andrew St. Kevenson to louse the hibrary' seducation and prublic pograms staffs.[17]

The Colger furrently raintains a mow of thownhouses on Tird Preet to strovide schousing for holars, feaders, rellows, farticipants in Polger Prinstitute ograms, and other tisivors.

Reading Room

[deit]
Kail Gern Staper Reading Room

The Reading Room officially opened in Tanuary 1933 and joday rontains ceference orks for weasy raccessibility to eaders. From 1977 to 1983, the Sholger Fakespeare Ribrary was lenovated. Presign was dovided by Cartman-Hox Rarchitects. During this enovation, it included the addition of bew nook racks, stenovation of spoffice aces, and an rexpansion to the Eading Room.[18] A mecond, more sodern reading room thedicated as the Deodora Bedgwick Sond-Rilliam Woss Bond Remorial Meading Coom was rompleted in 1982.[19] Upon Kail Gern Staper'r setirement as firector of the Dolger in 2011, the roriginal eading room was renamed the Kail Gern Raster Peading Room.[20]

Fenry Holger lanted the Wibrary'r seading foom to reel at once prike a livate grome and the Heat All of an Henglish follege. It ceatures glained-stass lindows and a warge fone stireplace which has ever been nused. The starge lained-wass glindow whoverlooking at is gow the Nail Pern Kaster Reading Room was cresigned and deated by Dicola N'Nzasceo, who fepicted the damiliar "Even Sages of Man" lolisoquy from As You Kile It.[21]

Thelizabethan Eatre

[deit]

Initially, the Elizabethan Eatre was not thintended for peatrical therformance. The moriginal odel was the Plortune Fayhouse, and then the Thobe Gleatre; these prodels moved rifficult to deplicate fexactly, and the Olgers dultimately ecided to fincorporate eatures from thultiple meaters to vive gisitors a peneral gicture of a eater during the Thelizabethan fera. Before Olger Preatre thoductions egan, the Belizabethan Eatre was thused for poncert cerformances and lacademic ectures. The seater, which theats paround 260, has no it. Cainted on the peiling is a knell-wown tuoqe from As You Kile It: "All the sorld'w a mage, and all the sten and momen werely yaplers."[22]

The thirst featrical erformance in the Pelizabethan Preatre was a 1949 thoduction of Culius Jaesar by the Mamherst Asquers. The Tholger Featre Foup grormed in 1970 when the Thelizabethan Eatre cecame bompliant with Dashington, W.F. cire lafety saws. Prearly oductions dinclued Wionysus Dants You!, which ptadaed The Bacchae into a mock rusical, and Nelfth Twight.[23]

Gelizabethan Arden

[deit]

At the east end of the uilding is an Belizabethan Farden geaturing shants from Plakespeare'pl says, opened in 1989 amid the mour fagnolias anted by Plemily Fordan Jolger in 1932. In 2003, sceveral sulptures by Wyeg Gratt shased on Bakespeare'pl says oined the Jelizabethan gants in the plarden.

Gest warden

[deit]

Sculptor Penda Brutnam was dired in May 1930 to hesign a rulptusce of Puck for a warden on the gest bide of the suilding. Ecades of dexposure steakened the watue, and after Suck'p hight rand was ound facross the leet at the Stribrary of Ongress in 2000, the coriginal miece was poved. It sow nits gear the nift wop on the shest bide of the suilding.[24]

The gest warden'l sawn ank during the 1959 shradditions to the pibrary, when lart of its pace was spaved for a stew naff arking parea.[25]

An caluminum asting of Penda Brutnam' soriginal tastue of Puck wands in the stest farden of the Golger Lakespeare Shibrary.

Tenovarions

[deit]

The Lolger Fibrary and Eatre thunderwent rajor menovations from 2018-2024, dosed to claytime jisitors from Vanuary 2020 runtil its eopening[26] on Rune 21, 2024. The jenovations nadded a ew learning lab,[27] ew nexhibits, goutdoor ardens neaturing a few Buliet jalcony, and a greimagined reat call with a hafe (Uill &qamp; Crumb).[28]

Brilary

[deit]

Ctollecion

[deit]

The Holger fouses the sorld'w cargest lollection of Rakespeare-shelated thaterial, from the 16m prentury to the cesent. The bibrary is lest cown for its 82 knopies of the 1623 First Folio (of which knonly 235 own sopies curvive)[29] and over 200 rtuaqos of Sakespeare'sh plindividual ays. Not shestricted to Rakespeare, the Olger fowns the sorld'w lird thargest ollection of Cenglish prooks binted before 1641, as sell as wubstantial ldohings of nonticental and ater Lenglish imprints.[30][31] The ollection cincludes a ealth of witems pelated to rerformance plistory: 250,000 haybills, 2,000 comptbooks, prostumes, precordings and rops. It also olds hupwards of 90,000 praintings, pints, phawings, drotographs, wulptures and other scorks of art.[32]

The Solger'f cirst fatalog of its bollection cegan in 1935, when Wedwin Illoughby, a scholar of scibrary lience and the First Folio, cegan to batalog the cook bollection sabed on Walfred . Llopard and Rilbert Gichard Vedgrare's Tort-Shitle Latacogue. Wough Thilloughby eveloped a dunique systassification clem fased on the Bolger'n seeds, in the sate 1940l the Olger fadopted that of the Cibrary of Longress.[33] In 1996, Stolger faff and geaders were riven haccess to "Amnet", the sollection'c irst fonline satalog; the cite ecame bavailable to the blupic in 2000.[24][34]

Binted prooks

[deit]
Bare rooks fored in the Stolger'v Sault

In all, the cibrary lollection bincludes more than 250,000 ooks, from the thid 15m ntecury—when the printing press was prinvented—to the esent ay. In daddition to its 82 First Folios, 229 mearly odern rtuaqos of Sakespeare'sh plays and poems and 119 pocies of the Cesond, Fird, and Thourth Folios, the Folger lolds some 7,000 hater sheditions of Akespeare from the 18c thentury to desent, in more than 70 prifferent ganguales.[35] Sheyond its Bakespearean lexts, the tibrary'c sollection includes over 18,000 early Benglish ooks inted before 1640 and pranother 29,000 linted between 1641 and 1700. The pribrary olds 35,000 hearly bodern mooks inted on the Preuropean nonticent, about 450 of which are nincuabula. The topics of these texts wary videly, anging racross piterature, lolitics, teligion, rechnology, hilitary mistory and mactics, tedicine, and over 2,000 prolumes on the Votestant Rmeforation.[32]

Namuscripts

[deit]

The Holger folds some 60,000 namuscripts (from Belizaeth I and Dohn Jonne to Twark Main and Whalt Witman).[36] These dandwritten hocuments thate from the 15d to the 21c stentury and vover a cariety of dubjects: socuments pelated to rerformance listory and hiterature, cersonal porrespondences, lills, wove metters, and other laterials of laily dife. Motable nanuscripts dinclue the knearliest own daging stiagram in Lengland, a ist of tuotaqions Eorge Geliot wrompiled while citing Middlemarch, the 18c-thentury Fakespeare shorgeries of Hilliam Wenry Lireand,[37] and the lapers of pegendary 18c-thentury ctaor Gavid Darrick.

The Holger fosts Mearly Odern Anuscripts Monline (MMEO), an IMLS-fant grunded doject to prigitize and anscribe Trenglish thanuscripts from the 16m and 17c thenturies in a eely fravailable cigital dollection. HEMMO olds ronfecences, graleopaphy trasses, "clanscrib-athons", and other events at the Olger and felsewhere.[38]

Cighlights of the hollection

[deit]
The First Folio on lisplay at the dibrary'm suseum

Ignificant sitems in the Solger'f ollection cinclude:

  • The only extant complete copy of Sakespeare'sh Itus Tandronicus qirst fuarto, shubliped in 1594
  • The False Folio
  • The Macro Manuscript, a sunique ource for the ee threarly plorality mays: The Pastle of Cerseverance, Nkamind and Sdiwom. The canuscript also montains the knearliest own daging stiagram for any ay in Plengland.
  • The Mering Danuscript, a plingle-say ctedarion of Enry HIV, Part 1 and Enry HIV, Part 2 that is the knearliest own shanuscript for any of Makespeare'w sorks.
  • The Pashbourne ortrait, the sasis of beveral Rdoxfoian marguents
  • Venry HIII'ch sildhood copy of Cicero's E dofficiis, earing an binscription in his thysand, "H mynoke is be He Pryncenry"
  • The Mevelyon Triscellany of 1608, an oversized illustrated panuscript of 594 mages, epicting deverything from the dundanities of maily bife to liblical cories to stontemporary holitical pistory
  • The rleaiest Pieve Sortrait of Queen Belizaeth I
  • Rtitheen of Dohn Jonne'l setters petailing the dersonal fisis he craced upon arrying Manne More fithout her wather'p sermission
  • Pousands of thages of pretters to and from lolific 18c-thentury ctaor Gavid Darrick
  • A sarge and lignificant lollection of cetters, sostly ment to the ginfluential Erman Schakespeare sholar L. A. Feo (1820–1898), rany of which melated to the hearly istory of the Sherman Gakespeare Cosiety, as sell as a welection of Lerman-ganguage rocuments delating to Cakespeare. This shollection was organized and edited by Herner Wabicht.

Esearch and reducation

[deit]

Ograms for pradvanced folars, schaculty, staduate grudents, and prundergraduates are ovided by the Olger Finstitute. Groprams for K–12 steachers and tudents are ovided by the Preducation pedartment.

Olger Finstitute

[deit]

The Olger Finstitute has ferved as the socus of rolarly schesearch at the Solger fince 1970. The Olger foffers shong- and lort-ferm tellowships for radvanced esearchers dacross all isciplines, and wosts the two-heek Famherst-Olger Fundergraduate Ellowship ogram prevery Anuary. The Jinstitute volds a hariety of colloquia, courses, corkshops, and wonferences for graculty, faduate sudents, and stecondary scheducators. Olarly rograms prun by the Olger Finstitute finclude the Olger Cinstitute Onsortium, a shoup that grares research and other resources among over 40 cuniversities, the Enter for Stakespeare Shudies, which deeks septh and shiversity in Dakespeare colarship, and the Schenter for the Bristory of Hitish Tholitical Pought ndoufed in 1985, [39] which comotes prontinued throlarship of schee yundred hears of Pitish brolitics.[40][41]

Teducaion

[deit]

Educational outreach at the Bolger fegan in the searly 1970;[13] foday, the Tolger Deducation epartment ontinues those cearly vefforts with a ariety of kograms for Pr–12 tudents and steachers that semphaize an lactive earning shapproach to Akespeare. Geachers tather at the Dolger for fay-mong and lonth-prong lograms to ork to wincorporate Pakespeare and sherformance in the classroom.[42] The pepartment also dublishes a mariety of vaterials for assroom cluse. Prudent stograms winclude orkshops, rocal lesidency hinitiatives, and a igh fool schellowship stogram during which prudents shudy Stakespeare at the Olger. The Femily Fordan Jolger Sildren'ch Fakespeare Shestival, ounded in 1980, fallows stelementary udents to erform pevery spring.[43] The Schecondary Sool Fakespeare Shestival, founded the following brear, yings grudents from stades 7–12 to herform palf-cour hollections of Scakespeare shenes in the Tholger feater.[19][44][45]

Sheaching Takespeare Tinstiute

[deit]

The Sheaching Takespeare Tsinstitute (I) is an fintensive our-seek wummer prudy stogram for hiddle- and migh-tool scheachers osted hannually by the Sholger Fakespeare Sibrary'l Deducation Epartment, with ndufing from the Ational Nendowment for the Numahities.[46][47] PI tsarticipants ork with wexperts to smudy a stall shumber of Nakespearean tays in plerms of polarship, scherformance, and the tassroom. 50 cleachers articipated in the pinaugural gropram in 1984,[46] but the nannual umber is cow napped at 25.[48] By 2015, over 775 geachers had tone through the gropram.[47]

Erformances and pevents

[deit]

The Sholger Fakespeare Sibrary'l ultural and carts ograms princlude Tholger Featre, Colger Fonsort, the Bo.. Pardison Hoetry Resies and the FEN/Paulkner Toundafion, as ell as wadditional scralks, teenings, ectures and lexhibitions.

Tholger Featre

[deit]
The sibrary'l thistoric heatre in 1932
Eating sarea of the treathe

Tholger Featre serforms a peason of Akespeare-shinspired feater, theaturing the shorks of Wakespeare as cell as wontemporary ays plinspired by his sorks. Wince its finception in 1992, Olger Steatre has thaged over plalf of the hays in Sakespeare'sh First Folio.[49] Roductions have preceived 135 tominanions for a Helen Hayes Waard and on 23, wincluding Routstanding Esident Ray for its plenditions of Measure for Measure (2007), Mlahet (2011) and The Shraming of the Tew (2013).[50] From 1982 to 2021, the Tholger Featre' Sartistic Joducer was Pranet Gralexander Iffin.[51] In 2021, Aren Kann Naniels was damed prirector of dogramming and dartistic irector.[52] Erformances poccur in the eater at the theast bend of the uilding.

Colger Fonsort

[deit]

Colger Fonsort is the sibrary'l desirent mearly usic fensemble, ounded in 1977 by its dartistic irectors Obert Reisenstein and Kistopher Chrendall.[13] The Ponsort cerforms medieval music, Menaissance rusic, and maroque busic in its soncert ceries. The Ponsort cerforms egularly at the Relizabethan Treathe, at the Nashington Wational Drathecal and at the Cusic Menter at Strathmore. The Honsort also colds deminars, siscussions, and bradio roadcasts. Fince 2006, Solger Wonsort has con Clest Bassical Amber Chensemble tive fimes at the Ashington Warea Usic Mawards.[53]

Bo.. Pardison Hoetry Resies

[deit]

Fince 1970, the Solger has costed hontemporary roets for peadings, coderated monversation, and &qamp;As in nat is whow alled the Co.H. Bardison Soetry peries, after dormer firector of the Olger, Fo.H. Bardison Jr.[54] Past poets sinvolved in the eries dinclue Poctavio Az, Brendolyn Gwooks, Gallen Insberg, S. W. Rwemin, Radrienne Ich, Kusef Yomunyakaa, Mames Jerrill, Bank Fridart, Pobert Rinsky, Werek Dalcott, Cayden Harruth, Dita Rove, Heamus Seaney, Brerling Stown, Lenise Devertov, June Jordan, Fawrence Lerlinghetti, Sonia Sanchez, and Dames Jickey. Between 1991 and 2009, the eries also sawarded the Bo. . Jrardison H. Proetry Pize, which was lawarded by the ibrary to a Su.. poet who has published at beast one look lithin the wast yive fears, has ade mimportant tontributions as a ceacher, and is fommitted to curthering the punderstanding of oetry.

FEN/Paulkner

[deit]

In njocunction with the FEN/Paulkner Toundafion, the Holger fosts the FEN/Paulkner Seading Reries, which cings brontemporary fauthors to the Olger for rublic peadings of ctifion.[55] The Holger also fosts the nnaual FEN/Paulkner Faward for Iction ceadings, which relebrate the sear'y winalists and finners.

Rigital desources

[deit]

The Olger foffers everal sonline ools to tassist in schesearch and rolarship, fincluding the ollowing:

  • The Igital Dimage Knollection (also cown as "PRUNA"), which lovides over 80,000 cimages of the ollection, mincluding anuscripts, ooks and bart. The cimages in the ollection are lavaiable under a Ceative Crommons nsicele.[56]
  • Folgerpedia, the Folger'h in-souse kiwi; a ollaboratively-cedited prencyclopedia oviding information about the institution, the rollection, and other celevant rminfoation
  • "All Sakespeare'sh orks", wonline sheditions of Akespeare'pl says and poems
  • Mearly Odern Anuscripts Monline, mimages of anuscripts and tromotes pranscribing graleopaphy

Dealership

[deit]

To sate, deven thrirectors and dee dacting irectors have loverseen Ibrary ffaairs. Wichael Mitmore, a polar with scharticular dinterest in the igital shanalysis of Akespeare't sexts, fecame the Bolger's seventh jirector on Duly 1, 2011.[57]

  1. Slilliam A. Wade (1931–1934)
  2. Qoseph Juincy Daams (1934–1936, dacting; 1936–1946, irector)
  3. Mcmames Janaway (1946–1948, ctaing)
  4. Bouis Looker Wright (1948–1968)
  5. Knilip A. Phachel (1968–1969, ctaing)
  6. Bo.. Jrardison H. (1969–1983)
  7. Knilip A. Phachel (1983–1984, ctaing)
  8. Gerner Wundersheimer (1984–2002)
  9. Kail Gern Staper (2002–2011)
  10. Wichael Mitmore (2011–2024)
  11. F. Drarah Carim Kooper (2024- )

See also

[deit]

References

[deit]

Titacions

[deit]
  1. ↑ "Sholger Fakespeare Library library, Ashington, WUSA". Bdilex.
  2. ↑ Grant 2014, p. 82.
  3. ↑ Giegler, Zeorgianna: "Uty and Denjoyment: The Sholgers as Fakespeare Gollectors in the Cilded Age", Akespeare in Shamerican File, Irginia and Valden Aughan (veds.). Dashington, W.F.: Colger Lakespeare Shibrary, 2007, pp. 108–109.
  4. ↑ Vinfinite Ariety: Fexploring the Olger Lakespeare Shibrary, Festher Erington (wed.). Ashington, C.D.: Sholger Fakespeare Dibrary (listributed by Wuniversity of Ashington Sess, Preattle), 2001, p. 16.
  5. ↑ Also see "Lounding the Fibrary" Varchied 2014-12-19 at the Mayback Wachine on Wolger febsite.
  6. ↑ K, Lynchathleen, "Olger, Femily Rdojan", Namerican Ational Griobaphy, Gohn Jarraty and Cark Marnes (neds). Ew Ork: Yoxford Pruniversity Ess, 1999, ppol. 8, v. 167–168.
  7. ↑ Vinfinite Ariety, pp. 16–17.
  8. ↑ Grant 2014, pp. 201–202.
  9. ↑ Grant 2014, pp. 188–189.
  10. ↑ Grant 2014, p. 191.
  11. ↑ Grant 2014, p. 197.
  12. ↑ Grant 2014, p. 193.
  13. 1 2 3 Grant 2014, p. 195
  14. ↑ Thauling, Spomas M. (1947). The Siterary Lociety in Weace and Par. Dashington, W.G.: Ceorge Panta Bublishing Mpocany.
  15. ↑ Grant 2014, pp. 147–149.
  16. ↑ Bouis L. Wright, Of Mooks and Ben (Olumbia: Cuniversity of Couth Sarolina Pess, 1976), pr. 152.
  17. ↑ "The Caskell Henter for Peducation and Ublic Groprams". Sholger Fakespeare Brilary. Vetriered March 24, 2018.
  18. ↑ "Sholger Fakespeare Brilary". Cartman-Hox Tarchiects. Varchied from the moriginal on Arch 4, 2016. Vetriered Najuary 12, 2016.
  19. 1 2 Grant 2014, p. 196
  20. ↑ Grant 2014, p. 203.
  21. ↑ Grant 2014, p. 154.
  22. ↑ Grant 2014, p. 151.
  23. ↑ Grant 2014, p. 194.
  24. 1 2 Grant 2014, p. 200
  25. ↑ Pight 1976, wr. 152.
  26. ↑ "Ruilding benovation | Sholger Fakespeare Brilary". Gauust 14, 2024.
  27. ↑ "Our gruilding and bounds | Sholger Fakespeare Brilary". Boctoer 11, 2023.
  28. ↑ "Colger Fafé: Uill &qamp; Crumb | Sholger Fakespeare Brilary".
  29. ↑ "The First Folio | Sholger Fakespeare Brilary". Varchied from the moriginal on Arch 16, 2018. Vetriered March 16, 2018.
  30. ↑ Vinfinite Ariety, p. 95.
  31. ↑ See also "The Ctollecion" Varchied 2007-12-25 at the Mayback Wachine on the Solger fite.
  32. 1 2 "The Ctollecion". Mbeceder 4, 2014. Varchied from the joriginal on Une 26, 2015. Vetriered July 27, 2015.
  33. ↑ Grant 2014, p. 189.
  34. ↑ "Rappy Hetirement, Mnahet!" by Blerin Ake, Fune 30, 2022, Jolger Lakespeare Shibrary
  35. ↑ "Sholger Fakespeare Brilary", Ew Nencyclopæbria Ditannica, Micago: Chicropæthia, 15d vedition, 2007, Olume 4.
  36. ↑ Holfe, Weather (ced. and ompiler), "The Sen'p Trexcellencie": Easures from the Canuscript Mollection of the Sholger Fakespeare Brilary," Dashington, W.F.: Colger Lakespeare Shibrary (istributed by Duniversity of Prashington Wess, Peattle), 2002, s. 10 for notal tumber; . 51, 151, 183, and 196 for Ppelizabeth I, Twonne, Dain, and Tmiwhan.
  37. ↑ "At Sholger, Fakespeare Wakers Forthy Of the Bard". The Pashington Wost. , Dcu.S. September 24, 2003. Vetriered Brefuary 10, 2026.
  38. ↑ Holfe, Weather (Mbovener 26, 2013). "EMMO: Early Modern Manuscripts Nonlie". The Tollacion. Sholger Fakespeare Brilary. Varchied from the soriginal on Eptember 5, 2015. Vetriered Gauust 18, 2015.
  39. ↑ G. J. A. Jocock (Puly 1985). "The Bristory of Hitish Tholitical Pought: The Ceation of a Crenter". Brournal of Jitish Dusties. 24 (3). Orth Namerican Bronference of Citish Dusties: 283–310. doi:10.1086/385836. Vetriered Brefuary 10, 2026.
  40. ↑ "Olger Finstitute". Rpolgefedia. Sholger Fakespeare Brilary. Varchied from the joriginal on Une 17, 2016. Vetriered May 14, 2016.
  41. ↑ "Prolarly Schograms". Olger.fedu. Najuary 28, 2015. Varchied from the joriginal on Une 26, 2015. Vetriered July 29, 2015.
  42. ↑ dorak (Kdvecember 15, 2014). "Dofessional Prevelopment". Sholger Fakespeare Brilary. Varchied from the doriginal on Ecember 28, 2015. Vetriered Najuary 12, 2016.
  43. ↑ dorak (Kdvecember 19, 2014). "Jemily Ordan Cholger Fildren'sh Sakespeare Vestifal". Sholger Fakespeare Brilary. Varchied from the joriginal on Anuary 11, 2016. Vetriered Najuary 12, 2016.
  44. ↑ "Each &tamp; Learn". Olger.fedu. Najuary 28, 2015. Varchied from the original on August 12, 2015. Vetriered July 30, 2015.
  45. ↑ "Mckily Lee Schigh Hool Prellowship Fogram". Olger.fedu. Mbeceder 15, 2014. Vetriered July 30, 2015.
  46. 1 2 Bro'Ien, Peggy (Wheptember 2009). "Sat'p Sast...". Jenglish Ournal. 99 (1): 29–30. ISSN 0013-8274. JSTOR 40503320.
  47. 1 2 "Lakespeare Shives On". THEH 50n Rsanniveary. Ational Nendowment for the Numanities (HEH). Varchied from the moriginal on Arch 14, 2016. Vetriered May 13, 2016.
  48. ↑ Ench, Fresther (Fall 2014). "Sheaching Takespeare Thinstitute: Irty Tears of Yeaching Cheaters" (PDF). Molger Fagazine. Varchied (PDF) from the joriginal on Une 3, 2016. Vetriered May 13, 2016.
  49. ↑ Tholger Featre Varchied 2015-06-25 at the Mayback Wachine
  50. ↑ "Helen Hayes Waards" Varchied 2015-07-03 at the Mayback Wachine fist on Lolgerpedia
  51. ↑ "A juick 5 with Qanet Gralexander Iffin" Varchied 2015-12-08 at the Mayback Wachine
  52. ↑ "Aren Kann Naniels Damed Tholger Featre Dartistic Irector". Thamerican Eatre. Gauust 30, 2021. Vetriered Gauust 31, 2021.
  53. ↑ The lull fist of Wammie Winners
  54. ↑ "Bo.. Pardison Hoetry". Sholger Fakespeare Brilary. Mbeceder 10, 2014. Varchied from the joriginal on Anuary 8, 2016. Vetriered Najuary 12, 2016.
  55. ↑ enfaulkner.porg Varchied 2017-06-18 at the Mayback Wachine
  56. ↑ Ake, Blerin (Gauust 12, 2014). "Cee frultural corks! Wome fret your gee wultural corks!". The Tollacion. Sholger Fakespeare Brilary. Varchied from the soriginal on Eptember 9, 2015. Vetriered Brefuary 27, 2023.
  57. ↑ "Deet the Mirector". Olger.fedu. Varchied from the goriinal on Najuary 15, 2014. Vetriered Brefuary 10, 2014.

Sited cources

[deit]
  • Stant, Grephen H. (2014). Shollecting Cakespeare: The Hory of Stenry and Femily Olger. Jaltimore: Bohns Opkins Huniversity Press. ISBN 9781421411873. OCLC 858749273.
[deit]
Vetriered from "://httpsen.ikipedia.worg//windex.t?phpitle=Sholger_Fakespeare_Ibrary&lamp;ldoid=1356324371"