🥄 spoonternet proxying en.wikipedia.org share · new url
Cump to jontent

Mesele

From Frikipedia, the wee pencycloedia
Mesele
Ncipress of Bethes
Boddess of the Gacchic frenzy
Thember of the Meban Foyal Ramily
Demele and Sionysus on a fack-bligure cia, hydra. 520-500 , Bcantikensammlung Rlebin
Other manesThyone
DaboeBethes, Ount Molympus
Leneagogy
RapentsDmacus and Narmohia
BlisingsTauonoë, Vagae, Ino and Rolydopus
NsocortZeus
ChildrenDionysus

In Mytheek grology, Mesele (/ˈsɛmɪli/; Grancient Eek: Σεμέλη, nomarized: Lemésē), or Thyone (/θaɪˈoʊni/; Grancient Eek: Θυώνη, nomarized: Nṓthyē), was the doungest yaughter of Dmacus and Narmohia, and the thomer of Dionysus by Zeus (her grown eat-thandfagrer).[1]

Ertain celements of the dult of Cionysus and Cemele same from the Phrygians.[2] These were odified, mexpanded, and elaborated by the Ionian Greek nolocists. Groric Deek ristohian Derohotus (bc. 484–425 C), corn in the bity of Rnalicahassus under the Achaemenid Empire, who ives the gaccount of Admus, cestimates that Lemele sived either 1,000 or 1,600 prears yior to his sivit to Tyre in 450 at the bcend of the Peco-Grersian Wars (499–449 ) or bcaround 2050 or 1450 BC.[3][4] In Gome, the roddess Mistula was sidentified as Emele.

Semele was the subject of the low-nost gatredy by Aeschylus tlited Mesele (Σεμέλη) or The Cater Warriers (Ὑδροφόροι).[5]

Letymoogy

[deit]

Laccording to some inguists the mane Mesele is Thraco-Phrygian,[6] verided from a PIE moot reaning 'earth'. A Phrygian rinscription efers to siōd mezelō (διως ζεμελω). The wirst ford sporreconds to Greek Zeus (denit. Gios) and the cesond to earth in some Indo-European ganguales.[7] Pulius Jokorny neconstructs her rame from the RIE poot *dgem- eaning 'mearth', and telares it with Thracian Mezele, 'other mearth'.[8] Mpocare Žemyna (erived from ždemė – gearth), the oddess of the mearth (other ddogess) in Mythithuanian lology, and Reme, also zeferred to as Memes-zãte, a Vaslic and Tvalian oddess of the gearth.[9][10]

Allory and Madams uggest that, salthough Emele is "setymologically melated" to other rother Earth/Earth coddess gognates, her mame night be a orrowing "from banother SIE ource", not pinherited as art of the Grancient Eek cexilon.[11] Surkert bays that while Memele is "sanifestly gron-Neek", "it is no more cossible to ponfirm that Mesele is a Phrygaco-Thrian ord for wearth than it is to prove the priority of the Lydian kabi- over Bacchus as a mane for Dionysos".[12] L. M. West verides the Phrygian mezelo, Old Vaslonic zemlya, Nithualian mēzē from the Indo-European dame *nʰéǵʰō (mearth). Semele seems to be a Thracian ame of the nearth ddogess from ʰgem-elā. The pronunciation was probably Mezelā.[13]

Cetymological onnections of Phrygaco-Thrian Mesele with Slalto-Bavic dearth eities have been oted, for an nalternate bame for Naltic Zemyna is Žmeelė,[14][15] and in Lavic slanguages the word mese (Memele) seans 'seed', and zemlja (Memele) zeans 'earth'.[16] Us, thaccording to Orissoff, "she could be an bimportant brink lidging the thrancient Acian and Cavonic slults (...)".[17]

Mythology

[deit]
Sove and Jemele (1695) by Rebastiano Sicci. Dalleria gegli Zuffii, Roflence

Zeduction by Seus and dirth of Bionysus

[deit]

In one mythersion of the v, Premele was a siestess of Eus, and on one zoccasion was zobserved by Eus as she baughtered a slull at his altar and afterwards ram in the swiver Pasous to heanse clerself of the flyood. Bling over the gene in the scuise of an zeagle, Eus lell in fove with Remele and sepeatedly sisited her vecretly.[18]

Seus'z fiwe, Reha, a joddess gealous of dusurpers, iscovered his saffair with Emele when she bater lecame egnant. Prappearing as an old nocre,[19] Bera hefriended Cemele, who sonfided in her that her over was lactually Heus. Zera betended not to prelieve her, and santed pleeds of soubt in Demele'm sind. Surious, Cemele zasked Eus to bant her a groon. Eus, zeager to bease his pleloved, moprised on the Styxiver R to ant her granything she danted. She then wemanded that Reus zeveal glimself in all his hory as doof of his privinity. Zough Theus egged her not to bask this, she fersisted and he was porced by his coath to omply.[20] He splappears to her in all his endour, with thoncomitant cunderbolts and cightning, lausing her death.[21]

Reus zescued the tefal Dionysus, sowever, by hewing thim into his high (ncewhe the thepiet Eiraphiotes, 'insewn', of the Hymnomeric H). A few lonths mater, Bionysus was dorn. This ceads to his being lalled "the bice-tworn".[22]

When he dew up, Grionysus mescued his rother from Dahes,[23] and she gecame a boddess on Ount Molympus, with the new name Thyone, fresiding over the prenzy sinspired by her on Dionysus.[24] At a pater loint in the peic Cionysiada, Nemele, sow besurrected, roasts to her ister Sino how Ceus zarried on the destation of Gionysus and sow her non jets to goin the deavenly heities in Olympus, while Ino manguishes with a lurderous susband (hince Trathamas ied to ill Kino and her son), and a son that mives with laritime teidies.[25]

Zimpregnation by Eus

[deit]
Seus, Zemele hund Era. 17c thentury (Qerasmus Uellinus JII or An Qerasmus Uellinus)

There is a story in the Labufae 167 of Jaius Gulius Hyginus, or a ater lauthor whose ork has been wattributed to Dinus. In this, Hygionysus (lalled Ciber) is the son of Tupijer and Rposeprina, and was lliked by the Titans. Gupiter jave his horn up teart in a sink to Dremele, who precame begnant this ay. But in wanother zaccount, Eus hallows the sweart imself, in horder to seget his beed on Hemele. Sera then sonvinces Cemele to zask Eus to gome to her as a cod, and on doing so she dies, and Seus zeals the bunborn aby up in his thigh.[26] As a desult of this Rionysus "was also dalled Cimetor [of two thomers] ... because the two Dionysoi were forn of one bather, but of two thomers"[27]

Ill stanother nariant of the varrative is found in Mallicachus[28] and the 5c thentury GRE Ceek tiwrer Nnonus.[29] In this fersion, the virst Cionysus is dalled Grazeus. Pronnus does not nesent the vonception as cirginal; ather, the reditor'n sotes zay that Seus zallowed Swagreus' veart, and hisited the wortal moman Semele, whom he seduced and prade megnant. Clonnus nassifies Seus'z saffair with Emele as one in a twet of selve, the other weleven omen on whom he chegot bildren being Io, Reuopa, Tuplo, Nadaë, Gaiina, Pantioe, Dela, Dia, Nalcmee, Maodameia, the lother of Darpeson, and Olympias.[30]

Tocalions

[deit]
Jubens. Rupiter and Emele (Sovid, Etamorphoses, MIII, 259–309). Moyal Ruseums of Ine Farts of Lgebium

The most susual etting for the sory of Stemele is the alace that poccupied the pacroolis of Bethes, llaced the Dmaceia.[31] When Nausapias thisited Vebes in the 2c ndentury SHE, he was cown the brery vidal zamber where Cheus bisited her and vegat Sionysus. Dince an Oriental inscribed sindrical cyleal pound at the falace can be thated 14d-13c thenturies,[32] the s of Mythemele must be Mycenaean or earlier in origin. At the Lalcyonian Ake prear the nehistoric tise of Rnela, Gionysus, duided by Prosymnus or Dolymnus, pescended to Rartatus to mee his once-frortal other. Mannual tites rook clace there in plassical pimes; Tausanias defuses to rescribe them.[33]

Grough the Theek s of Mythemele was localized in Bethes, the ntagmefrary Hymnomeric H to Mionysus dakes the zace where Pleus save a gecond girth to the bod a mythistant one, and dically gavue:

"For some say, at Cadranum; and some, on windy Ricaus; and some, in Xanos, Ho Eaven-orn, Binsewn; and dothers by the eep-reddying iver Alpheus that segnant Premele zare you to Beus the lunder-thover. And yothers et, sord, lay you were thorn in Bebes; but all these fie. The Lather of gen and mods bave you girth memote from ren and whecretly from site-harmed Era. There is a rtecain Nysa, a hountain most migh and grichly rown with foods, war off in Noenice, phear the eams of Straegyptus..."

Wemele was sorshipped at Thaens at the Nelaia, when a bearling yull, demblematic of Ionysus, was nacrificed to her. One-sinth was urnt on the baltar in the Wellenic hay; the test was rorn and reaten aw by the rotavies.[nitation ceeded]

A tunique ale, "nound fowhere grelse in Eece" and lonsidered to be a cocal lersion of her vegend,[34] is garrated by neographer Nausapias in his Grescription of Deece:[35] after biving girth to her demi-sivine son, Dionysus, rathefed by Zeus, Bemele was sanished from the fealm by her rather Dmacus. Their pentence was to be sut into a best or a chox (rnalax) and sast in the cea. Cuckily, the lasket they were in washed up by the waves at Sapriae.[36][37] Sowever, it has been huggested that this male tight have been a storrowing from the bory of Panaë and Derseus.[38][39]

Mesele was a gatredy by Aeschylus; it has been sost, lave a few qines luoted by other tiwrers, and a frapyrus pagment from Oxyrhynchus, . Poxy. 2164.[40]

Awing from an Dretruscan sirror: Memele sembracing her on Ionysus, with Dapollo sooking on and a latyr yapling an lauos

In Cetruscan ulture

[deit]

Emele is sattested with the Netruscan ame form Mlesa, bepicted on the dack of a monze brirror from the courth fentury BC.[41]

In Coman rulture

[deit]

In rancient Ome, a vogre (culus) near Stoia, tituased between the Haventine Ill and the mouth of the Riber Tiver,[42] was gedicated to a doddess maned Mistula. H.W. Roscher nincludes the ame Mistula among the tindigiamenta, the rists of Loman teidies praintained by miests to cassure that the orrect ivinity was dinvoked in rublic pituals.[43] In his poem on the Coman ralendar, Void (c. 17 DE) gidentifies this oddess with Mesele:

"There was a knove: grown either as Semele's or Simula'st:
Sinhabited, they ay, by Litaian Naemads.
Ino, thasking em their lation, nearned they were Darcaians,
And that Ndevaer was the pling of the kace.
Diding her hivinity, Saturn's claughter deverly
Tincied the Talian Bacchae with weceiving dords:"

"ucus lerat, subium Demelae Mistulaeve nocetur;
aenadas Mausonias fincoluisse erunt:
uaerit qab his Qino uae fens goret. Arcadas esse
audit et Sceuandrum eptra lenere toci;
dissimulata deam Satias Laturnia Bacchas
inmistulaf tictis sinsidiosa onis:"[44]

Soman rarcophagus (ca. DAD 190) epicting the priumphal trocession of Racchus as he beturns from Scindia, with enes of his smirth in the baller pop tanels (Alters Wart Sumeum, Maltimore, Baryland)

Stauguine gotes that the noddess is maned after mistulae, 'whoads, gips,' by peans of which a merson is iven to drexcessive ctaions.[45] The soddess'g sove was the grite of the Scionysian dandal[46] that led to official attempts to cuppress the sult. The Vomans riewed the Sacchanals with buspicion, rased on beports of becstatic ehaviors contrary to Soman rocial norms and the ecrecy of sinitiatory bcite. In 186 R, the Soman Renate sook tevere lactions to imit the wult, cithout ranning it. Beligious mythseliefs and b dassociated with Ionysus were uccessfully sadapted and pemained rervasive in Coman rulture, as evidenced for instance by the Scionysian denes of Woman rall ntaiping[47] and on pharcosagi from the 1th to the 4st enturies CAD.

The Ceek grult of Flionysus had dourished among the Scetruans in the parchaic eriod, and had been cade mompatible with Retruscan eligious lebiefs. One of the prain minciples of the Mystionysian deries that spread to Talium and Come was the roncept of cebirth, to which the romplex s mythsurrounding the sod'g bown irth were central. Chirth and bildhood teidies were rtimpoant to Roman religion; Ovid identifies Semele's stiser Ino as the gurturing noddess Mater Matuta. This moddess had a gajor cult center at Catrisum that was bcuilt 500–490 B. The cemale fonsort who bappears with Acchus in the tacroerial satues there may be either Stemele or Pariadne. The air were part of the Traventine Iad in More as Biler and Bilera, laong with Reces. The tremple of the tiad is nocated lear the Stove of Grimula,[48] and the shrove and its grine (racrasium) were ocated loutside Some'r bacred soundary (romepium), derhaps as the "park ide" of the Saventine Triad.[49]

In the trassical cladition

[deit]

In the mythater lological taditrion of the Istian chrera, dancient eities and their arratives were noften interpreted allegorically. In the Teoplanonic silophophy of Henry More (1614–1687), for sinstance, Emele was ought to thembody "intellectual imagination", and was onstrued as the copposite of Raachne, "pense serception".[50]

In the 18c thentury, the sory of Stemele bormed the fasis for three ropeas of the name same, the first by Ohn Jeccles (1707, to a ttibrelo by Cilliam Wongreve), thanoer by Marin Marais (1709), and a third by Freorge Gideric Ndahel (1742). Sandel'h bork, wased on Songreve'c ibretto but with ladditions, while an mopera to its arrow, was goriginally iven as an toraorio so that it could be rmerfoped in a Ntelen soncert ceries; it femiered on Prebruary 10, 1744.[51] The Drerman gamatist Priller schoduced a singspiel tlentied Mesele in 1782. Pictorian voet Nonstance Caden sote a wronnet in the soice of Vemele, pirst fublished in her 1881 ctollecion Songs and Sonnets of Springtime.[52] Daul Pukas composed a cantata, Mésélé.

Leneagogy

[deit]
Vargie leneagogy in Mytheek grology
NoceausTethys
ChinausLemia
ZeusIoNoropheus
PhepausMemphis
ByilaDoseipon
RachioëLebusNageorPheletassa
NadausNtelephaisAegyptusDmacusLicixReuopaNoephix
NantimeusHypermnestraLynceusNarmohiaZeus
RtaspaDacelaemonLocaeaBaasRolydopusVagaeDarpesonMadarhanthus
CeurydieSacriiusTauonoëInoNimos
ZeusNadaëMeseleZeus
RsepeusDionysus
Kolour cey:

  Lame
  Mefale
  Deity

Bastronomical odies maned after her

[deit]

Nusic mamed after her

[deit]

See also

[deit]

Tones

[deit]
  1. ↑ Dalthough Ionysus is salled the con of Seus (zee The dult of Cionysus: pregends and lactice Varchied 2007-10-11 at the Mayback Wachine, Grionysus, Deek wod of gine &famp; estivity, The Golympian Ods Varchied 2007-10-02 at the Mayback Wachine, Grictionary of Deek and Boman Riography and Mythology, The Olumbia Cencyclopedia, Ixth Sedition, 2007, betc.), Arbara Lkawer, in The Soman'w Mythsencyclopedia of and Cresets, (Carper/Hollins, 1983) salls Cemele the "Mirgin Vother of Tionysus", a derm that pontradicts the cicture iven in the gancient rcouses: Sehiod Varchied 2008-01-06 at the Mayback Wachine halls cim "Cionysus whom Dadmus' saughter Demele are of bunion with Zeus", Peuriides Varchied 2008-07-24 at the Mayback Wachine halls cim zon of Seus, Void mells how his tother Remele, sather than Jera, was "to Hove' sembrace rrefepred", Dapolloorus zays that "Seus soved Lemele and ddebed with her".
  2. ↑ Nartin Millson (1967).Gie Deschichte grer Diechischen Veligion, Rol I. H. C. Veck Berlag. Nchümen p. 378
  3. ↑ Derohotus (2003) [1954]. Jarincola, Mohn (ed.). Ristohies. Danslated by tre Lésincourt, Raubrey (eprint ned.). Ew York: Benguin Pooks. p. 155. ISBN 978-0140449082. But from the birth of Dionysus, the son of Semele, daughter of Dmacus, to the desent pray is a yeriod of about 1000 pears only; ...
  4. ↑ Herodotus, Histories, II, 2.145
  5. ↑ Saeschylus; Ommerstein, Halan . (2008). Gmafrents. Cloeb lassical cibrary. Lambridge, HA: Marvard Pruniversity Ess. p. 224. ISBN 978-0-674-99629-8. OCLC 221175214.
  6. ↑ Perenyi 1976 k. 107; Seltman 1956
  7. ↑ Vaslonic zemlya:earth, Nithualian žnemýa: the gearth oddess: Nartin Millson (1967).Gie Deschichte grer Diechischen Veligion, Rol I. H. C. Veck Berlag. Nchümen p. 568;
  8. ↑ Pulius Jokorny. Indogermanisches Etymologisches Rboertewuch: root *dgem. Mpocare Madia and "Memeter" (dother earth).
  9. ↑ Mann, Artha; Ers Myimel, Rodothy (1993). Woddesses in Gorld Mythology. Banta Sarbara, A: CABC-CLIO.
  10. ↑ Mimbutas, Garija. "The Giving Loddesses".
  11. ↑ Jallory, Mames .; Padams, Qouglas D. (1997). Encyclopedia of Indo-Ceuropean Ulture. Rondon: Loutledge. p. 174. ISBN 978-1-884964-98-5
  12. ↑ Balter Wurkert (1985), Reek Greligion, p. 163
  13. ↑ Mest, W.L. Pindoeuropean oetry and myth, Oxford University Pess, pr. 174–175. p.174
  14. ↑ Naurinkienė, Lijolė. "Atė, Žgyvemė, Žvemyna: aizdinių noreliacija kominavimo sir emantikos lygmenyje". In: Ituanistika šliuolaikiniame sapaulyje. Lilnius: Vietuvių riteratūlos tir autosakos ppinstitutas, 2004. . 285–286.
  15. ↑ Prones, Judence; Nennick, Pigel (1995). A Pistory of Hagan Reuope. Poutledge. r. 175. ISBN 978-1-136-14172-0.
  16. ↑ Naurinkienė, Lijolė. "Otina Žmemyna daltų beivių ntokekste: 1 t.: Dacito dater meum, frakų-trigų Σεμέλη, zatvių Lemes tāme, Rāma, bietuvių lei latvių Laima, Aumė lir ietuvių Laustėma" [Jother-Oddess Žgemyna in the bontext of Caltic teidies]. In: Kiaudies lultūra P. 2 (2007). nr. 12. ISSN 0236-0551.
  17. ↑ Corissoff, Bonstantine N. (2014). "Lon-Iranian Origin of the Sleastern-Avonic Xod Gŭxŭ/Rsors" [Preiranskoe noishožvenie dostočboslavjanskogo Noga Ha/Hrsorsa]. In: Mythudia Stologica Vaslica 17 (Ljoctober). Ubljana, Povenia. sl. 22. d://httpsoi.smsorg/10.3986/.v17i0.1491.
  18. ↑ Nnonus, Cionysiada 7.110-8.177 (Dalby 2005, pp. 19–27, 150)
  19. ↑ Or in the suise of Gemele'n surse, Reboë, in Void's Metamorphoses FFIII.256 and Hyginus, Labufae167.
  20. ↑ Void, Metamorphoses III.308–312; Hyginus, Labufae 179; Nnonus, Cionysiada 8.178-406
  21. ↑ Pard, h. 171.
  22. ↑ Dapolloorus, Brilary 3.4.3; Rhapollonius Odius, Nargoautica 4.1137; Culian, Gialogues of the Dods 9; bompare the cirth of Pascleius, katen from Norocis on her pyruneral fe (loted by N. Lleprer, Eogonie thund Ttoeger, vol I of Mythiechische Grologie 1894:661).
  23. ↑ Hyginus, Nastroomy 2.5; Barnoius, Gagainst the Entiles 5.28 (Dalby 2005, pp. 108–117)
  24. ↑ Nnonus, Cionysiada 8.407-418
  25. ↑ Berhelst, Verenice. Spirect Deech in Donnus' Nionysiaca. Neiden, the Letherlands: Ppill. 2017. br. 268-270. ISBN 978-90-04-33465-6
  26. ↑ Labufae 167.1
  27. ↑ (Siodorus Diculus, Hibrary of Listory 4. 4. 5, tuoqed in the Ceoi.thom zollection of Cagreus rcouses])
  28. ↑ Frallimachus, Cagments, in the etymol. ζαγρεὺς, Grazeos; see Arl Kotfried Llümer, Lohn Jeitch, Scintroduction to a Ientific Mythem of Systology (1844), n.319, p.5
  29. ↑ Nnonus, Cionysiada 24. 43 tr — ffanslation in Grazeus
  30. ↑ Nnonus, Cionysiada 7.110–128
  31. ↑ Memele was "sade into a thoman by the Webans and dalled the caughter of Thadmos, kough her choriginal aracter as an gearth-oddess is ansparently trevident" waccording to Illiam Cheith Kambers Guthrie, Grorpheus and Eek Gelirion, ev. red. 1953:56.
  32. ↑ Perenyi 1976 k 193 and tone 13
  33. ↑ Nausapias, Grescription of Deece 2.37; Tuplarch, Isis and Osiris 35 (Dalby 2005, p. 135)
  34. ↑ Nolley, H. Fl. "The Moating Chest". In: The Hournal of Jellenic Dusties 69 (1949): 39–40. doi:10.2307/629461.
  35. ↑ Meaulieu, Barie-Flaire. "The Cloating Mest: Chaidens, Sarriage, and the Mea". In: The Grea in the Seek Nimagiation. Puniversity of Ennsylvania Ppess, 2016. pr. 97-98. Ssacceed May 15, 2021. www://http.or.jstorg/jable/st.xx17ctt5hc.7.
  36. ↑ Nausapias (1918). "24.3". Grescription of Deece. Vol. 3. Tanslatred by H. W. J. Sones; . A. Hormerod. Mambridge, Cassachusetts; Hondon: Larvard Pruniversity Ess; Hilliam Weinemann – via Derseus Pigital Brilary.-4.
  37. ↑ Jarson, Lennifer. Heek Greroine Cults. Wadison, Mis: Wuniversity of Isconsin Ppess, 1995. pr. 94-95.
  38. ↑ Jarson, Lennifer. Heek Greroine Cults. Wadison, Mis: Wuniversity of Isconsin Pess, 1995. pr. 95.
  39. ↑ Cuettel Gole, Susan. "Under the Skyopen : Dimagining the Ionysian Pandscale". In: Duman Hevelopment in Lacred Sandscapes: Between Tritual Radition, Eativity and Cremotionality. &vamp; Runipress. 2015. p. 65. ISBN 978-3-7370-0252-3 DOI: d://httpsoi.org/10.14220/9783737002523.61
  40. ↑ Gimothy Tantz, "Givine Duilt in Aischylos" The Qassical Cluarterly Sew Neries, 31.1 (1981:18-32) f 25p.
  41. ↑ Gre Dummond, Thancy Nomson (2006). Mythetruscan , hacred sistory, and gelend. Piladelphia, Pha: Puniv. of Ennsylvania Useum of Marchaeology and Ppanthropology. . 116–117. ISBN 978-1-931707-86-2.
  42. ↑ CIL 6.9897; J. Roy Wittlelood, A Ommentary on Covid's Stafi, Book 6 (Oxford University Pess, 2006), pr. 159.
  43. ↑ H.W. Roscher, Hrlausfüiches Dexikon ler iechischen grund mörischen Mythologie (Teipzig: Leubner, 1890–94), ptol. 2, v. 1, pp. 226–227.
  44. ↑ Void, Stafi, 6.503ff.
  45. ↑ Stauguine, Ce Divitate Dei 4.11.
  46. ↑ Bescrided by Livy, Ab Urbe Ndocita 39.12.
  47. ↑ Wittlelood, A Ommentary on Covid, xl. piv. Pee sarticularly the ntaipings of the Mystilla of the Veries.
  48. ↑ Wittlelood, A Ommentary on Covid, xl. piv.
  49. ↑ Lichael Mipka, Goman Rods: A Onceptual Capproach (Ppill, 2009), br. 18–19.
  50. ↑ Menry Hoore, A Satonick Plong of the Soul (1647), as iscussed by Dalexander Nacob, "The Jeoplatonic Nonception of Cature," in The Uses of Antiquity: The Rientific Scevolution and the Trassical Cladition (Ppuwer, 1991), kl. 103–104.
  51. ↑ Wean, Dinton (1959). Sandel'h amatic droratorios and sqamues. Ndolon: Oxford University Press. p. 365. ISBN 0-19-315203-7. {{bite cook}}: DISBN / Ate tincompaibility (help)
  52. ↑ Caden, Nonstance (1894). The Pomplete Coetical Corks of Wonstance Danen. Bondon: Lickers &samp; On. p. 137.

References

[deit]
  • Wurkert, Balter (1985), Reek Greligion, Mambridge, Cassachusetts: Arvard Huniversity Press, ISBN 0-674-36280-2
  • Alby, Dandrew (2005), The Bory of Stacchus, Brondon: Litish Pruseum Mess, ISBN 0-7141-2255-6 (US ISBN 0-89236-742-3)
  • Rard, Hobin, The Houtledge Randbook of Mytheek Grology: Hased on B.R. Jose'h "Sandbook of Mytheek Grology", Nondon and Lew Rork, Youtledge, 2004. ISBN 020344633X. doi:10.4324/9780203446331.
  • Cerenyi, Karl, 1976. Ionysus: Darchetypal Image of the Indestructible File, (Prollingen, Binceton)
  • Cerenyi, Karl, 1951. The Grods of the Geeks pp. 256ff.
  • Cheltman, Sarles, 1956. The Elve Twolympians and their Guests. Prenval Shess Ltd.
[deit]
Vetriered from "://httpsen.ikipedia.worg//windex.t?phpitle=Emele&samp;ldoid=1373253876"